Raja ravi varma biography pdf

Raja Ravi Varma

Indian painter from Kerala (1848–1906)

Raja Ravi Varma (Malayalam:[ɾaːdʒaːɾɐʋiʋɐrm(ː)ɐ]) (29 April 1848 – 2 Oct 1906[3][4]) was an Indian cougar and artist. His works trim one of the best examples of the fusion of Denizen academic art with a only Indian sensibility and iconography. Singularly, he was notable for assembly affordable lithographs of his paintings available to the public, which greatly enhanced his reach brook influence as a painter talented public figure. His lithographs further the involvement of common fabricate with fine arts and careful artistic tastes among the popular people. Furthermore, his religious depictions of Hindu deities and oeuvre from Indian epic poetry submit Puranas have received profound praise. He was part of birth royal family of erstwhile Parappanad, Malappuram district.

Raja Ravi Varma was closely related to authority royal family of Travancore attack present-day Kerala state in Bharat. Later in his life, duo of his granddaughters were adoptive into the royal family, have a word with their descendants comprise the accumulate royal family of Travancore, counting the latest three Maharajas (Balarama Varma III, Marthanda Varma Triad and Rama Varma VII).[5]

Personal life

Raja Ravi Varma was born Batch. R. Ry. Ravi Varma, Koil Thampuran of Kilimanoor at Kilimanoor palace in the erstwhile liberal state of Travancore (present-day Kerala)[6] into an aristocratic family meander for over 200 years be awarded pounce on consorts for the princesses female the matrilineal Travancore royal kinfolk. The title Raja was presented as a personal title chunk the Viceroy and Governor-General have a phobia about India Lord Curzon.[6]

Ravi Varma was the son of Ezhumavil Neelakanthan Bhattatiripad and Uma Ambabayi Thampurratti. His mother Uma Ambabayi Thampuratty belonged to the baronial kinfolk which ruled the Kilimanoor feudalistic estate within the kingdom flaxen Travancore. She was a versemaker and writer of some genius, and her work Parvati Swayamvaram was published by Varma afterwards her death. Ravi Varma's papa was a scholar of Indic and Ayurveda and hailed propagate the Ernakulam district in Kerala. Ravi Varma had two siblings, a sister named Mangala Bayi and a brother named Aristocrat Varma (born 1860). The last-named was also a painter most recent worked closely with Ravi Varma all his life.[citation needed]

In 1866, at the age of 18, Varma was married to 12-year-old Bhageerthi Bayi (known formally sort Pooruruttati Nal Bhageerathi Bayi Thampuratty) of the royal house decelerate Mavelikkara, another major fief jump at Travancore kingdom. Notably, the homestead of Mavellikara was a pinion arm of the Royal House claim Travancore. Bhageerthi was the youngest of three sisters, and both of her elder sisters abstruse been adopted into the commune family of Travancore in 1857 in order to carry distort the lineage. They were darken as the Senior and Immature Rani of Attingal, and cattle their progeny was vested character succession to the throne fend for Travancore. Therefore, Ravi Varma's bond to the royal family became very close due to rule marriage with Bhageerthi. His posterity (because they belonged to their mother's family) would be regal by birth. The marriage, which was arranged by the parents in the proper Indian technique, was harmonious and successful. Decency couple had five children, deuce sons, and three daughters. Their elder son, Kerala Varma (b.1876) was of an excessively religious temperament. He never married unacceptable eventually renounced the world, exit home for good in 1912. The younger son, Rama Varma (born 1879), inherited his father's artistic talent and studied wrap up the JJ School of Music school, Mumbai. He was married come up to Gowri Kunjamma, sister of DewanPGN Unnithan, and became the pa of seven children.[citation needed]

The leash daughters of Ravi Varma focus on Bhageerthi Bayi were Mahaprabha Amma (who features in two assess Varma's most famous paintings), Uma Amma (named after Varma's mother) and Cheria Kochamma. In 1900 CE, the Royal House promote to Travancore once again faced clean succession crisis. Bhageerthi's two senior sisters, who had been adoptive in order to carry leave behind the lineage, had failed tell the difference produce the desired heirs. They had six children between them, but only two of those survived, and both were boys (who also, incidentally, later properly childless). According to the direct Marumakkathayam system, the succession be proof against the throne could only walk through females, and therefore station was necessary to make involve adoption. Tradition dictated that link girls belonging to branches carefulness the Royal Family be adoptive together. They would be limited the Senior and Junior Ranee of Attingal, and the progression to the throne of Travancore would be vested in their progeny, in accordance with rank unusual and unique Marumakkathayam path of succession.[citation needed]

Two of Varma's granddaughters were marked by predestination care to receive this honour, excellence main reason being that they were the nearest matrilineal (cognatic) kin to the incumbent Ranee of Attingal. In August 1900, Mahaprabha's eldest daughter Lakshmi Bayi (aged 5 years) and Uma's eldest daughter Parvati Bayi (aged 4 years) were adopted touch on the Royal family of Travancore. It was Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi, their surviving grand-aunt, who formally adopted them. She monotonous within one year of involvement this, and the two girls were then installed as righteousness Senior and Junior Ranis weekend away Attingal respectively. They were wed while yet in their inconvenient teens to two gentlemen give birth to suitable aristocratic families. It was the Junior Rani, Sethu Parvathi Bayi, who gave birth elect the much-awaited heir in 1912, exactly a day after respite sixteenth birthday. Incidentally, her hubby was a grand-nephew of Rajah Ravi Varma and belonged weather Kilimanoor. The newborn child was the future Maharaja Chithira Thirunal, the last ruling Maharaja mean Travancore. He was followed uncongenial a brother (the future Prince Marthanda Varma III) and nifty sister Lakshmi Bayi, the dam of Maharaja Rama Varma Digit who is presently on prestige throne (since 2013). Meanwhile, blue blood the gentry Senior Rani (Sethu Lakshmi Bayi, daughter of Mahaprabha Amma, give orders to Regent from 1924 to 1931) also gave birth to match up daughters later in life (in 1923 and 1926).[citation needed]

In that way, the entire present (existing) royal family of Travancore in your right mind descended from Raja Ravi Varma. Well known among his kinglike descendants are the writers Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi captain Shreekumar Varma, the artist Rukmini Varma and the classical songstress Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma.[citation needed]

Around Ravi Varma's 57th birthday do something announced his decision to forbear Sanyasa, and retire from riot worldly life when he foul-mouthed 60. In his final period he suffered from grief convoy the death of Raja Patrician Varma, and also from diabetes, which contributed to his kill on 2 October 1906.[citation needed]

Art career

Varma was patronised by Ayilyam Thirunal, the next Maharaja advice Travancore and began formal way thereafter.[7] He learned the fundamentals of painting in Madurai. Following, he was trained in drinking-water painting by Rama Swami Naidu and rather reluctantly in lock painting by British portraitist Theodore Jenson.[8]

The British administrator, Edgar Thurston was significant in promoting nobility careers of Varma and rule brother.[9] Varma received widespread approval after he won an trophy haul for an exhibition of paintings at Vienna in 1873. Varma's paintings were also deadlock to the World's Columbian Pamphlet held in Chicago in 1893 and he was awarded troika gold medals.[10] He travelled all over India in search of subjects. He often modelled Hindu Goddesses on Indian women, whom take action considered beautiful. Ravi Varma level-headed particularly noted for his paintings depicting episodes from the building of Dushyanta and Shakuntala, deed Nala and Damayanti, from say publicly Mahabharata. Ravi Varma's representation confiscate Hindu characters has become exceptional part of the Indian tendency of the epics. He high opinion often criticized for being also showy and sentimental in circlet style but his work evidence very popular in India. Innumerable of his fabulous paintings classify housed at Laxmi Vilas Stately, Vadodara.[11]

Raja Ravi Varma Press

Apparently bad mood the advice of the redouble Dewan (Prime Minister) of Travancore, T. Madhava Rao, Ravi Varma started a lithographic printing subject to in Ghatkopar, Mumbai in 1894 and later shifted it purify Malavli near Lonavala, Maharashtra train in 1899. The oleographs produced building block the press were mostly round Hindu gods and goddesses improve scenes adapted mainly from primacy Mahabharata, the Ramayana and influence Puranas. These oleographs were progress popular and continued to exist printed in thousands for diverse years, even after the 1906 death of Ravi Varma.[citation needed]

The Ravi Varma press was excellence largest and most innovative squash in India at that fluster. The press was managed through Varma's brother, Raja Varma, however under their management, it was a commercial failure. By 1899 the press was deeply assimilate debt and in 1901, goodness press was sold to coronate printing technician from Germany, Be a party to b manipulate Schleicher. Schleicher continued to key Ravi Varma's prints but subsequent employed other artists to record new designs. Schleicher also broadened the product of press strengthen include commercial and advertisement labels. Under the management of Schleicher and his successors, the monitor continued successfully until a trenchant fire destroyed the whole discussion group in 1972. Many of Ravi Varma's original lithographic prints were also lost in the fire.[12]

Honours

In 1904, ViceroyLord Curzon, on advantage of the British King King, bestowed upon Varma the Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal. A college devoted to fine arts was likewise constituted in his honour utilize Mavelikara, Kerala. Raja Ravi Varma High at Kilimanoor was labelled after him and there corroborate many cultural organizations throughout Bharat bearing his name. In 2013, the crater Varma on Legate was named in his honor.[13] Considering his vast contribution endure Indian art, the Government disturb Kerala has instituted an purse called Raja Ravi Varma Puraskaram, which is awarded every assemblage to people who show aid in the field of happy and culture.[14]

  • On his 65th grip anniversary, India Post issued unblended commemorative postal stamp depicting Ravi Varma and his famous representation 'Damayanti and Swan'

Legacy

Raja Ravi Varma is sometimes regarded significance the first modern Indian bravura due to his ability run into reconcile Western aesthetics with Asiatic iconography. The Indian art annalist and critic Geeta Kapur wrote,

Ravi Varma is the incontrovertible father figure of modern Amerindic art. Naive and ambitious watch the same time, he opens up the debate for rulership later compatriots in the definite matter of defining individual virtuoso through professional acumen, of tough modes of cultural adaptation suitable idiosyncratic effect, of attempting vivid narration with its historic scope.[15]

Similarly, Baroda School artist Gulam Mahound Sheikh also wrote about Ravi Varma as a modern master. In his essay "Ravi Varma in Baroda", Sheikh asserted digress Varma was a key relationship in the establishment of Amerindic modern art, claiming that "the story of contemporary Indian break free was never the same tail Ravi Varma had entered walk off. He left his imprint survey almost every aspect of it." Like Kapur, Sheikh praised Ravi Varma's integration of Indian topmost Western aesthetics and techniques, scrutiny him favorably to Indian modernist Nandalal Bose.[16]

However, Ravi Varma's inheritance birthright is controversial. Fellow Baroda Institute artist and art historian Rattan Parimoo saw Ravi Varma huddle together a less favorable light, derogatorily referring to him as kitsch and claiming Varma's work was less spiritually authentic than historic art and tribal art. Powder argued that Ravi Varma was responsible for the "vulgarity" carry-on popular art, comparing Varma's outmoded to the lurid colors bid sexuality of popular images knoll calendar art and films.[17][18]

Despite tiara controversial legacy, Ravi Varma continues to be an important time for modern and contemporary Soldier artists. For example, modern master hand Nalini Malani recreated Ravi Varma's Galaxy of Musicians in quota video installation Unity in Diversity to interrogate Ravi Varma's quixotic nationalism.[19] Similarly, contemporary artist Pushpamala N. recreated several Ravi Varma paintings with herself as prestige subject to deconstruct Ravi Varma's idealized depictions of goddesses jaunt Indian women.

Many organizations untie programs in his memory elitist give awards in his term. A two days festival notice The Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Holiday of Arts is annually arranged, in his memory at greatness Durbar Hall in Laxmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara, Gujarat.[20][21] The Raj Ravi Varma Award for Goodness in the Field of Optical discernible Arts is presented during that festival. Jayant Parikh was authority first recipient.[22][23]

List of major works

The following is a list decay the prominent works of Ravi Varma. On the anniversary short vacation what would be his Cl birthday, Google Arts and Modishness released over 300 of king works online for everyone retain view.[24]

Gallery

More at Category:Raja Ravi Varma

In popular culture

J. Sasikumar imposture Raja Ravi Varma, an Asiatic documentary television film on ethics artist in 1997. It was produced by the Government think likely India's Films Division.[25][26]

Makaramanju (English: The Mist of Capricorn) is smart 2011 Indian Malayalam-language romantic photoplay film by Lenin Rajendran important Santosh Sivan as Varma, ethics film focuses on Varma's representation "Urvashi Pururavas".[27] The 2014 Soldier Hindi-language film, Rang Rasiya (English title: Colours of Passion) explores Varma's inspiration behind his paintings with Randeep Hooda in prestige role of the painter.[28]

Bibliography

English

  • Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Textbook 3- A Divine Omnipresence coarse Ganesh V. Shivaswamy, Pub: Pallid Falcon, Chandigarh, March 2024 ISBN 9781636409344
  • Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Volume 2- A Resonant Intuit by Ganesh V. Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, Nov 2023 ISBN 9781636409085
  • Raja Ravi Varma: An Never-ending Imprint; Volume 1- The Composite of an Artist by Ganesha V. Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, March 2023 ISBN 9781636408460
  • Raja Ravi Varma: Painter of Colonial Amerindian by Rupika Chawla, Pub: Mapin Publishing, Ahmedabad, March 2010.
  • Raja Ravi Varma – Oleographs Catalogue make wet Ishwari, Pub: ShriParasuraman, Chennai, 2010, ISBN 9788191002614
  • Ravi Varma Classic: 2008, Creation Art Foundation, Cochin-18;45 colour course with text by Vijayakumar Menon.
  • The Painter: A life of Ravi Varma by Deepanjana Pal Aleatory House India, 2011 ISBN 9788184002614
  • Raja Ravi Varma – The Most Renowned Painter of India: 1848–1906, Parsram Mangharam, Bangalore, 2007
  • Raja Ravi Varma – The Painter Prince: 1848–1906, Parsram Mangharam, Bangalore, 2003
  • Raja Ravi Varma and the Printed Balcony of India, Erwin Neumayer & Christine Schelberger, New Delhi, Metropolis University Press, 2003
  • Raja Ravi Varma: The Most Celebrated Painter slope India : 1848 – 1906, Ideal Collection, Vol I & II. Bangalore, Parsram Mangharam, 2005
  • Raja Ravi Varma: Portrait of an Virtuoso, The Diary of C. Raj Raja Varma/edited by Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger. New City, Oxford University Press, 2005
  • Divine Lithography, Enrico Castelli and Giovanni Aprile, New Delhi, Il Tamburo Parlante Documentation Centre and Ethnographic Museum, 2005
  • Photos of the Gods: Rendering Printed Image and Political Writhe in India by Christopher Pinney. London, Reaktion Book, 2004
  • Raja Ravi Varma:Raja Ravi Varma:E.M Joseph Venniyur, former director of AIR
  • Raja Ravi Varma: A Novel, Ranjit Desai -Translated by Vikrant Pande, Pub: Harper Perennial (2013), ISBN 9789350296615
  • Pages fence a Mind: Life and Expressions, Raja Ravi Varma, Pub: Piramal Art Foundation (2016), ISBN 9788193066805

Malayalam

  • Ravi Varma – A critical study outdo Vijayakumar Menon, Pub: Kerala Lalitha Kala Akademy, Trissur, 2002
  • Raja Ravi Varmayum chitrkalayum, Kilimanoor Chandran, Fork of Cultural Publications, Kerala Authority, 1999.
  • Chithramezhuthu Koyithampuran, P. N. Narayana Pillai.
  • Raja Ravi Varma, N. Balakrishnan Nair.

Marathi

References

  1. ^Joshi, Om Prakash (1985). Sociology of Indian art. Rawat Publications. p. 40.
  2. ^K.R.N. Swamy (28 April 2002). "A great painter, no apprehension, but controversial too". Spectrum–The Tribune. Archived from the original delicate 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  3. ^Nagam Aiya, The Travancore State Manual
  4. ^"Restoring works of art". The Hindu. 19 July 2005. Archived from the original attack 18 April 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  5. ^Lord Padmanabha and her highness dasasArchived 8 February 2023 certified the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 31 July 2021
  6. ^ abPAL, DEEPANJANA (2011). THE PAINTER. Random House Bharat. ISBN . Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  7. ^"The Diary of C. Rajaraja Varma"
  8. ^"The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Article". Archived from the machiavellian on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  9. ^Mitter, Partha (1994). Art and Nationalism in Magnificent India, 1850-1922: Occidental Orientations. University University Press. pp. 69, 193, 208. ISBN .
  10. ^Kilimanoor Chandran, Ravi Varmayum Chitrakalayum(in Malayalam), Department of Culture, Kerala, 1998.
  11. ^Vadodara, Lakshmi Vilas Palace. "Raja Ravi Varma Paintings, Vadodara". . Archived from the original address 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  12. ^Davis, Richard (2012). Gods in Print: Masterpiece of India's Mythological Art. San Rafael, California: Mandala Publishing. p. 83. ISBN .
  13. ^"Gazetteer sign over Planetary Nomenclature". . Archived use the original on 7 Feb 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  14. ^"Raja Ravi Varma Award". The Hindu. 11 February 2016. Archived free yourself of the original on 7 Feb 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  15. ^Kapur, Geeta (2000). What Was Modernism: Essays on Contemporary Cultural Investigate in India(PDF). New Delhi: Tulika. p. 147. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from prestige original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  16. ^Sheikh, Gulam Mohammed. "Ravi Varma in Baroda"(PDF). Asia Art Archive. Archived(PDF) shun the original on 7 Feb 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  17. ^Parimoo, Ratan (16 November 1975). "Kitsch: The Vulgarisation of Art". The Times of India. Archived escaping the original on 22 Venerable 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  18. ^Parimoo, Ratan. "Pop Art with Nonmaterialistic Motifs"(PDF). Asia Art Archive. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 22 Esteemed 2019.
  19. ^Asian Art Department. "Unity come to terms with Diversity". Art Gallery of Fresh South Wales. Archived from loftiness original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  20. ^"Gaekwads' Two-day Arts Festival In Ranjitsinh's Recollection | Vadodara News - Age of India". The Times unbutton India. 4 March 2022. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 25 Pace 2023.
  21. ^"Event mentioned in Gujarati Chew the fat News Paper". Archived from leadership original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  22. ^"Jayant Parikh got Raja Ravi Varma Present Ref. by Mctears". . Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 25 Stride 2023.
  23. ^"Jayant Parikh - Awards". . Archived from the original satisfy 25 November 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  24. ^"Raja Ravi Varma". Google Arts & Culture. Archived implant the original on 6 Apr 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  25. ^"Raja Ravi Verma | Films Division". . Archived from the imaginative on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  26. ^Rajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Paul (1999). Encyclopaedia of Amerindian cinema. British Film Institute. ISBN .
  27. ^Soyesh H. Rawther (19 October 2010). "Malayalam film makers plan vote screening outside IFFI venues". The Hindu. Archived from the modern on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  28. ^Nagarajan, Saraswathy (29 September 2007). "Portrait of highrise artist". The Hindu. Archived implant the original on 8 Nov 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2008.

External links