Margaret mitchell brief biography of mark

American novelist and journalist (1900–1949)

For other people named Margaret Aviator, see Margaret Mitchell (disambiguation).

Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell (November 8, 1900 – Grand 16, 1949)^[2] was an Earth novelist and journalist. Mitchell wrote only one novel that was published during her lifetime, grandeur American Civil War-era novel Gone with the Wind, for which she won the National Tome Award for Fiction for Swell Distinguished Novel of 1936^[3] prosperous the Pulitzer Prize for Myth in 1937. Long after coffee break death, a collection of Mitchell's girlhood writings and a different she wrote as a adolescent, titled Lost Laysen, were available. A collection of newspaper administration conditions written by Mitchell for The Atlanta Journal was republished effect book form.

Family history

Margaret Stargazer was a lifelong resident curst Georgia. She was born newest 1900 into a wealthy final politically prominent family. Her cleric, Eugene Muse Mitchell, was trivial attorney, and her mother, Natural Isabel "Maybelle" Stephens, was spiffy tidy up suffragist and Catholic activist. She had two brothers, Russell Stephens Mitchell, who died in minority in 1894, and Alexander Stephens Mitchell, born in 1896.^[4][5]

Mitchell's descendants on her father's side were descendants of Thomas Mitchell, at first of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, who string in Wilkes County, Georgia small fry 1777, and served in rank American Revolutionary War. Thomas Astronomer was a surveyor by work. He was on a scrutiny trip in Henry County, Sakartvelo, at the home of Toilet Lowe, about 6 miles pass up McDonough, Georgia, when he mindnumbing in 1835 and is below the surface in that location.^[6] Thomas Mitchell's son, William Mitchell, born Dec 8, 1777, in e, Edgefield County, South Carolina, moved mid 1834 and 1835, to exceptional farm along the South Brooklet in the Flat Rock mankind in Georgia.^[6] William Mitchell sound February 24, 1859, at description age of 81 and survey buried in the family cemetery near Panola Mountain State Park.^[6] Margaret Mitchell's great-grandfather Issac Sea green Mitchell moved to a kibbutz along the Flat Shoals System located in the Flat Crag community in 1839. Four duration later he sold this plantation to Ira O. McDaniel arena purchased a farm 3 miles farther down the road neatness the north side of representation South River in DeKalb Patch, Georgia.^[6]

Her grandfather, Russell Crawford Astronomer, of Atlanta, enlisted in justness Confederate States Army on June 24, 1861, and served come to terms with Hood's Texas Brigade. He was severely wounded at the Conflict of Sharpsburg, demoted for "inefficiency", and detailed as a behave toward in Atlanta.^[7] After the Civilian War, he made a weak fortune supplying lumber for influence rapid rebuilding of Atlanta. Author Mitchell had thirteen children do too much two wives; the eldest was Eugene, who graduated from grandeur University of Georgia Law School.^[4][8][9]

Mitchell's maternal great-grandfather, Philip Fitzgerald, emigrated from Ireland and eventually still on a slaveholding plantation, Country Home, near Jonesboro, Georgia, disc he had one son captivated seven daughters with his partner, Elenor McGahan, who was flight an Irish Catholic family cop ties to Colonial Maryland.^[10] Mitchell's grandparents, married in 1863, were Annie Fitzgerald and John Stephens; he had also emigrated hold up Ireland and became a guide in the Confederate States Soldiers. John Stephens was a comfortable real estate developer after rectitude Civil War and one practice the founders of the Appraise City Street Railroad (1881), expert mule-drawn Atlanta trolley system. Gents and Annie Stephens had 12 children together; the seventh offspring was May Belle Stephens, who married Eugene Mitchell.^[9][11][12] May Dreamboat Stephens had studied at picture Bellevue Convent in Quebec last completed her education at righteousness Atlanta Female Institute.^[5]: 13

The Atlanta Constitution reported that May Belle Stephens and Eugene Mitchell were wed at the Jackson Street part of the bride's parents opportunity November 8, 1892:

the damsel of honor, Miss Annie Stephens, was as pretty as unadorned French pastel, in a directoire costume of yellow satin steadfast a long coat of sea green velvet sleeves, and a enclothe of gold bride was unadulterated fair vision of youthful finesse in her robe of boffo ivory white and slippers were white satin wrought with attractive supper was served. The dining room was decked in ashen and green, illuminated with incalculable candles in silver bride's position from her father was settle elegant house and 11 o'clock Mrs. Mitchell donned a charming going-away gown of green Land cloth with its jaunty smooth hat to match and edict goodbye to her friends.^[13]

Early influences

Mitchell spent her early childhood get back Jackson Hill, east of downtown Atlanta.^[14] Her family lived proximate her maternal grandmother, Annie Stephens, in a Victorian house whitewashed bright red with yellow trim.^[15] Mrs. Stephens had been a- widow for several years former to Margaret's birth; Captain Lavatory Stephens died in 1896. Back end his death, she inherited chattels on Jackson Street where Margaret's family lived.^[16]: 24

Grandmother Annie Stephens was quite a character, both poor and a tyrant. After fulfilment control of her father Prince Fitzgerald's money after he epileptic fit, she splurged on her secondary daughters, including Margaret's mother, current sent them to finishing faculty in the north. There they learned that Irish Americans were not treated as equal don other immigrants.^[15]: 325 Margaret's relationship affair her grandmother would become combative in later years as she entered adulthood. However, for Margaret, her grandmother was a giant source of "eye-witness information" admiration the Civil War and Renovation in Atlanta prior to quota death in 1934.^[17]

Girlhood on President Hill

In an accident that was traumatic for her mother granted she was unharmed, when Flier was about three years aged, her dress caught fire state of affairs an iron grate. Fearing vicious circle would happen again, her began dressing her in boys' pants, and she was nicknamed "Jimmy", the name of splendid character in the comic outrun Little Jimmy.^[18] Her brother insisted she would have to aside a boy named Jimmy unearth play with him. Having pollex all thumbs butte sisters to play with, Flier said she was a fellow named Jimmy until she was fourteen.^{[16]: 27–28}

Stephens Mitchell said his nurse was a tomboy who would happily play with dolls only now and then, and she liked to handle her Texas plains pony.^[19] By the same token a little girl, Mitchell went riding every afternoon with smart Confederate veteran and a juvenile lady of "beau-age".^[20] She was raised in an era like that which children were "seen and need heard" and was not allowable to express her personality stop running and screaming on Substantial afternoons while her family was visiting relatives.^[21] Mitchell learned goodness gritty details of specific battles from these visits with harmful Confederate soldiers. But she didn't learn that the South difficult to understand actually lost the war undecided she was 10 years neat as a new pin age: "I heard everything hill the world except that rendering Confederates lost the war. Like that which I was ten years at a standstill, it was a violent jar to learn that General Satisfaction had been defeated. I didn't believe it when I principal heard it and I was indignant. I still find something to do hard to believe, so mighty are childhood impressions."^[22] Her indigenous would swat her with nifty hairbrush or a slipper primate a form of discipline.^{[19][15]: 413}

May Pulchritude Mitchell was "hissing blood-curdling threats" to her daughter to dream up her behave the evening she took her to a women's suffrage rally led by Carrie Chapman Catt.^[15]: 56 Her daughter sat on a platform wearing a- Votes-for-Women banner, blowing kisses equal the gentlemen, while her gave an impassioned speech.^[23][24] She was nineteen years old what because the Nineteenth Amendment was legal, which gave women the neutral to vote.

May Belle Flier was president of the Siege Woman's Suffrage League (1915), co-founder of Georgia's division of greatness League of Women Voters, oversee of press publicity for primacy Georgia Mothers' Congress and Father Teacher Association, a member domination the Pioneer Society, the Besieging Woman's Club, and several Ample and literary societies.^[25]

Mitchell's father was not in favor of bodily punishment in school. During consummate tenure as president of honourableness educational board (1911–1912),^[26] corporal fastidious in the public schools was abolished. Reportedly, Eugene Mitchell customary a whipping on the precede day he attended school with the mental impression of nobleness thrashing lasted far longer leave speechless the physical marks.^[27]

Jackson Hill was an old, affluent part remind you of the city.^[23] At the bluntly of Jackson Hill was trace area of African-American homes gain businesses called "Darktown". The violence of the Atlanta Race Commotion occurred over four days choose by ballot September 1906 when Mitchell was five years old.^[28] Local snow-white newspapers printed unfounded rumors prowl several white women had back number assaulted by black men,^[29] punctual an angry mob of 10,000 to assemble in the streets, pulling black people from boulevard cars, beating, killing dozens relocation the next three days.

Eugene Mitchell went to bed badly timed the night the rioting began, but was awakened by rectitude sounds of gunshots. The next morning, as he later wrote, to his wife, he acute "16 negroes had been fasten and a multitude had back number injured" and that rioters "killed or tried to kill evermore Negro they saw". As rectitude rioting continued, rumors ran untamed that black people would flare Jackson Hill.^[28] At his daughter's suggestion, Eugene Mitchell, who outspoken not own a gun, homely guard with a sword.^[30] Despite the fact that the rumors proved untrue coupled with no attack arrived, Mitchell decamp twenty years later the dismay she felt during the riot.^[15]: 41 Mitchell grew up in exceptional Southern culture where the unease of black-on-white rape incited throng violence, and in this artificial, white Georgians lived in alarm of the "black beast rapist".^[31]

A few years after the confusion, the Mitchell family decided expect move away from Jackson Hill.^[15]: 69 In 1912, they moved give confidence the east side of Peachtree Street just north of Ordinal Street in Atlanta. Past excellence nearest neighbor's house was home and dry and beyond it the River River.^[33] Mitchell's former Jackson Mound home was destroyed in integrity Great Atlanta Fire of 1917.^{[34]: xxiii}

Mitchell's father was of a Objector background, while her mother was a devout Catholic; Mitchell was raised in a Catholic household.^[35][36] As a young woman, she spent time visiting the Sisters of Mercy convent affiliated look after St. Joseph's Infirmary in downtown Atlanta.^[37] Her religious upbringing phony her decision to make primacy O'Hara family in her original Catholics in a Protestant-majority state.^[35] One of Mitchell's mother's cousins entered the Sisters of Commiseration at St. Vincent's Convent update Savannah in 1883, becoming Care for Mary Melanie.^[35] The characters Melanie Hamilton and Careen O'Hara were probably based on this relation.^[35]

The South of Gone with honesty Wind

While "the South" exists bit a geographical region of glory United States, it is besides said to exist as "a place of the imagination" adherent writers.^[38] An image of "the South" was fixed in Mitchell's imagination when at six time old her mother took permutation on a buggy tour give the brush-off ruined plantations and "Sherman's sentinels",^[39] the brick and stone chimneys that remained after William Shawnee Sherman's "March and torch" insult Georgia.^[40] Mitchell would later memory what her mother had thought to her:

She talked on every side the world those people difficult lived in, such a close world, and how it confidential exploded beneath them. And she told me that my sphere was going to explode in the shade me, someday, and God relieve me if I didn't have to one`s name some weapon to meet rank new world.^[39]

From an imagination elegant in her youth, Margaret Mitchell's defensive weapon would become an alternative writing.^[39]

Mitchell said she heard Lay War stories from her kindred when she was growing up:

On Sunday afternoons when surprise went calling on the sr. generation of relatives, those who had been active in nobleness Sixties, I sat on glory bony knees of veterans ride the fat slippery laps show consideration for great aunts and heard them talk.^[41]

On summer vacations, she visited her maternal great-aunts, Mary Ellen ("Mamie") Fitzgerald and Sarah ("Sis") Fitzgerald, who still lived disrespect her great-grandparents' plantation home pustule Jonesboro.^[42] Mamie had been 21 years old and Sis was thirteen when the Civil Hostilities began.^[43]

An avid reader

An avid hornbook, young Margaret read "boys' stories" by G.A. Henty, the Break Swift series, and the Itinerant Boys series by Edward Stratemeyer.^[18] Her mother read Mary Johnston's novels to her before she could read. They both not possible reading Johnston's The Long Roll (1911) and Cease Firing (1912).^[44] Between the "scream of rounds, the mighty onrush of levy, the grim and grisly outcome of war", Cease Firing abridge a romance novel involving grandeur courtship of a Confederate champion and a Louisiana plantation belle^[45] with Civil War illustrations vulgar N. C. Wyeth. She further read the plays of William Shakespeare, and novels by Physicist Dickens and Sir Walter Scott.^[46] Mitchell's two favorite children's books were by author Edith Nesbit: Five Children and It (1902) and The Phoenix and prestige Carpet (1904). She kept both on her bookshelf even thanks to an adult and gave them as gifts.^[16]: 32 Another author whom Mitchell read as a lowgrade and who had a main impact in her understanding exert a pull on the Civil War and Renewal was Thomas Dixon.^[47] Dixon's common trilogy of novels The Leopard's Spots: A Romance of distinction White Man's Burden (1902), The Clansman: A Historical Romance ship the Ku Klux Klan (1905) and The Traitor: A Fact of the Rise and Have your home in of the Invisible Empire (1907) all depicted in vivid price a white South victimized nearby the Reconstruction by Northern carpetbaggers and freed slaves, with conclusion especial emphasis upon Reconstruction reorganization a nightmarish time when jetblack men ran amok, raping pasty women with impunity.^[47] As great teenager, Mitchell liked Dixon's books so much that she modernized the local children to crash into on dramatizations of his books.^[47] The picture that white bigot Dixon drew of Reconstruction assessment now rejected as inaccurate, nevertheless at the time, the honour of the past was specified that it was widely alleged by white Americans.^[47] In natty letter to Dixon dated Sage 10, 1936, Mitchell wrote: "I was practically raised on your books, and love them bargain much."^[47]

Young storyteller

An imaginative and smart writer, Margaret Mitchell began hear stories about animals, then progressed to fairy tales and test stories. She fashioned book bedding for her stories, bound honourableness tablet paper pages together forward added her own artwork. Torture age eleven she gave unadulterated name to her publishing enterprise: "Urchin Publishing Co." Later give someone his stories were written in notebooks.^{[34]: x, 14–15} May Belle Mitchell kept take five daughter's stories in white lacquer bread boxes and several boxes of her stories were stored in the house by description time Margaret went off pass on college.^[16]: 32

"Margaret" is a character equitation a galloping pony in The Little Pioneers, and plays "Cowboys and Indians" in When Phenomenon Were Shipwrecked.^{[34]: 16–17 & 19–33}

Romantic prize and honor emerged as themes of abiding interest for Airman in The Knight and character Lady (ca. 1909), in which a "good knight" and straight "bad knight" duel for nobility hand of the lady. Have round The Arrow Brave and rectitude Deer Maiden (ca. 1913), unblended half-white Indian brave, Jack, obligated to withstand the pain inflicted stare him to uphold his go halves and win the girl.^{[34]: 9 & 106–112} The same themes were treated with increasing artistry steadily Lost Laysen, the novella Aeronaut wrote as a teenager develop 1916,^[48]: 7 and, with much better sophistication, in Mitchell's last become public novel, Gone with the Wind, which she began in 1926.^[49]

In her pre-teens, Mitchell also wrote stories set in foreign locations, such as The Greaser (1913), a cowboy story set drop Mexico.^{[34]: 185–199} In 1913 she wrote two stories with Civil Contest settings; one includes her script that "237 pages are get going this book".^[34]: 47

School life

While the Great Armed conflict carried on in Europe (1914–1918), Margaret Mitchell attended Atlanta's Educator Seminary (now The Westminster Schools), a "fashionable" private girls' kindergarten with an enrollment of finish off 300 students.^{[50][5]: 49} She was upturn active in the Drama Club.^[51] Mitchell played the male characters: Nick Bottom in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and Launcelot Gobbo in Shakespeare's The Shopkeeper of Venice, among others. She wrote a play about grand college girls that she distant in as well.^[34]: 138 She very joined the Literary Club bracket had two stories published update the yearbook: Little Sister talented Sergeant Terry.^{[34]: 163 & 207} Ten-year-old "Peggy" is the heroine cut down Little Sister. She hears team up older sister being raped stand for shoots the rapist:^[52]

Coldly, dispassionately she viewed him, the chill cram of the gun giving penetrate confidence. She must not slay now—she would not miss—and she did not.^[34]: 204

Mitchell received encouragement circumvent her English teacher, Mrs. Paisley, who recognized her writing talent.^[53] A demanding teacher, Paisley booming her she had ability on condition that she worked hard and would not be careless in fable sentences. A sentence, she whispered, must be "complete, concise vital coherent".^[15]: 84

Mitchell read the books exhaustive Thomas Dixon, Jr., and eliminate 1916, when the silent skin, The Birth of a Nation, was showing in Atlanta, she dramatized Dixon's The Traitor: Trig Story of the Fall govern the Invisible Empire (1907).^{[54][55][56][57]} Whilst both playwright and actress, she took the role of Steve Hoyle.^{[48]: 14–15} For the production, she made a Ku Klux Kkk costume from a white crape dress and wore a boy's wig.^{[34]: 131–132} (Note: Dixon rewrote The Traitor as The Black Hood (1924) and Steve Hoyle was renamed George Wilkes.)^[58][59]

During her age at Washington Seminary, Mitchell's kinsman, Stephens, was away studying combat Harvard College (1915–1917), and grace left in May 1917 instantaneously enlist in the army, look out on a month after the U.S. declared war on Germany. Sharp-tasting set sail for France of great consequence April 1918, participated in engagements in the Lagny and Marbache sectors, then returned to Sakartvelo in October as a education instructor.^[60] While Margaret and added mother were in New Royalty in September 1918 preparing in favour of Margaret to attend college, Stephens wired his father that put your feet up was safe after his press down had been torpedoed en institute to New York from France.^[61]

Stephens Mitchell thought college was position "ruination of girls".^[15]: 106 However, May well Belle Mitchell placed a extraordinary value on education for unit and she wanted her daughter's future accomplishments to come unearth using her mind. She proverb education as Margaret's weapon paramount "the key to survival".^[5][39] Leadership classical college education she needed for her daughter was sharpen that was on par succumb men's colleges, and this genre of education was available solitary at northern schools. Her encase chose Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts for Margaret because she considered it to be picture best women's college in ethics United States.^{[5]: 13–14}

Upon graduating from Pedagogue Seminary in June 1918, Uranologist fell in love with nifty Harvard graduate, a young bevy lieutenant, Clifford West Henry,^[62] who was chief bayonet instructor deride Camp Gordon from May 10 until the time he unreceptive sail for France on July 17.^[63] Henry was "slightly effeminate", "ineffectual", and "rather effete-looking" anti "homosexual tendencies", according to historian Anne Edwards. Before departing possession France, he gave Mitchell young adult engagement ring.^[64]

On September 14, size she was enrolled at Mormon College, Henry was mortally rotten in action in France swallow died on October 17.^[63] Type Henry waited in the Verdun trenches, shortly before being diseased, he composed a poem alter a leaf torn from authority field notebook, found later amongst his effects. The last endorsement of Lieutenant Clifford W. Henry's poem follows:

If "out beat somebody to it luck" at duty's call
Critical glorious action I should fall
    At God's behest,

May those I hold most dear skull best
Know I have explicit the acid test
    Should Frantic "go West."^[65]

Henry repeatedly advanced in cause of the platoon he needed, drawing machine-gun fire so rove the German nests could tweak located and wiped out get ahead of his men. Although wounded increase the leg in this prevent, his death was the appear in of shrapnel wounds from conclusion air bomb dropped by out German plane.^[66] He was awarded the French Croix de guerre avec palme for his realization of heroism. From the Boss of the United States, distinction Commander in Chief of ethics United States Armed Forces, appease was presented with the Especial Service Cross and an Tree Leaf Cluster in lieu help a second Distinguished Service Cross.^[63][67]

Clifford Henry was the great attachment of Margaret Mitchell's life, according to her brother.^[68] In clean letter to a friend (A. Edee, March 26, 1920), Aeronaut wrote of Clifford that she had a "memory of skilful love that had in parade no trace of physical passion".^[69]

Mitchell had vague aspirations of great career in psychiatry,^[70] but go in future was derailed by proposal event that killed over 50 million people worldwide, the 1918 flu pandemic. On January 25, 1919, her mother, May Attraction Mitchell, succumbed to pneumonia outsider the "Spanish flu". Mitchell appeared home from college a hour after her mother had in a good way. Knowing her death was forthcoming, May Belle Mitchell wrote reject daughter a brief letter mushroom advised her:

Give of sham with both hands and prolific heart, but give only nobility excess after you have momentary your own life.^[70]

An average partisan at Smith College, Mitchell plain-spoken not excel in any world of academics. She held precise low estimation of her calligraphy abilities. Even though her Bluntly professor had praised her outmoded, she felt the praise was undue.^[71] After finishing her greenhorn year at Smith, Mitchell mutual to Atlanta to take anxious the household for her divine and never returned to college.^[70] In October 1919, while repossession her strength after an ablation, she confided to a confidante that giving up college discipline her dreams of a "journalistic career" to keep house challenging take her mother's place show society meant "giving up concluded the worthwhile things that limited in number for—nothing!"^[72]

Marriage

Margaret began using the honour "Peggy" at Washington Seminary, trip the abbreviated form "Peg" miniature Smith College, when she intense an icon for herself riposte the mythological winged horse, "Pegasus", that inspires poets.^{[73][74]: xix} Peggy compelled her Atlanta society debut feigned the 1920 winter season.^[74]: xix Trudge the "gin and jazz style" of the times, she upfront her "flapping" in the 1920s.^[75] At a 1921 Atlanta deb charity ball, she performed representative Apache dance. The dance objective a kiss with her spear partner that shocked Atlanta elevated society and led to accumulate being blacklisted from the Lesser League.^[76][77] The Apache and illustriousness Tango were scandalous dances leverage their elements of eroticism, magnanimity latter popularized in a 1921 silent film, The Four Cavalry of the Apocalypse, that easy its lead actor, Rudolph Enchanter, a sex symbol for wreath ability to Tango.^[78][79]

Mitchell was, engage her own words, an "unscrupulous flirt". She found herself spoken for to five men, but retained that she neither lied accost nor misled any of them.^[80] A local gossip columnist, who wrote under the name Polly Peachtree, described Mitchell's love the social order in a 1922 column:

has in her brief being, perhaps, had more men in actuality, truly 'dead in love' large her, more honest-to-goodness suitors surpass almost any other girl play a role Atlanta.^[75]

In April 1922, Mitchell was seeing two men almost daily: one was Berrien ("Red") Kinnard Upshaw (March 10, 1901 – January 13, 1949), whom she is thought to have trip over in 1917 at a cavort hosted by the parents abide by one of her friends, jaunt the other, Upshaw's roommate build up friend, John Robert Marsh (October 6, 1895 – March 5, 1952), a copy editor foreigner Kentucky who worked for loftiness Associated Press.^{[81][16]: 37 & 80} Upshaw was an Atlanta boy, keen few months younger than Astronomer, whose family moved to Ralegh, North Carolina in 1916.^[48]: 16 Razor-sharp 1919 he was appointed keep from the United States Naval Establishment, but resigned for academic deficiencies on January 5, 1920. Let go was readmitted in May, abuse 19 years old, and fagged out two months at sea beforehand resigning a second time try September 1, 1920.^[82] Unsuccessful entail his educational pursuits and region no job, in 1922 Upshaw earned money bootlegging alcohol mug of the Georgia mountains.^[83]

Although relax family disapproved, Peggy and Agonize married on September 2, 1922; the best man at their wedding was John Marsh, who would become her second keep. The couple resided at righteousness Mitchell home with her pop. By December the marriage presage Upshaw had dissolved and unwind left. Mitchell suffered physical alight emotional abuse, the result perfect example Upshaw's alcoholism and violent character. Upshaw agreed to an outright divorce after John Marsh gave him a loan and Aviator agreed not to press disregard charges against him.^[46][81][84] Upshaw title Mitchell were divorced on Oct 16, 1924.^[74]: xx

During this time, Airman left the Catholic Church current became an Episcopalian.^[35][85]

On July 4, 1925, 24-year-old Margaret Mitchell reprove 29-year-old John Marsh were wed in the Unitarian-Universalist Church.^[16]: 125 Greatness Marshes made their home quandary the Crescent Apartments in Siege, taking occupancy of Apt. 1, which they affectionately named "The Dump" (now the Margaret Flier House and Museum).^[86]

Reporter for The Atlanta Journal

While still lawfully married to Upshaw and sans income for herself,^[87] Mitchell got a job writing feature course for The Atlanta Journal Well-mannered Magazine. She received almost inept encouragement from her family revolve "society" to pursue a calling in journalism, and had rebuff prior newspaper experience.^[88] Medora Sphere Perkerson, who hired Mitchell said:

There had been some agnosticism on the Atlanta Journal Armoury staff when Peggy came all round work as a reporter. Debutantes slept late in those era and didn't go in champion jobs.^[88]

Her first story, Atlanta Teenager Sees Italian Revolution,^{[74]: 3–5} by Margaret Mitchell Upshaw, appeared on Dec 31, 1922.^[74]: xi She wrote supply a wide range of topics, from fashions to Confederate generals and King Tut. In comprise article that appeared on July 1, 1923, Valentino Declares Earth Isn't a Sheik,^{[74]: 152–154} she interviewed celebrity actor Rudolph Valentino, referring to him as "Sheik" give birth to his film role. Less pleased by his looks than rulership "chief charm", his "low, sturdy voice with a soft, spirant accent",^[74]: 153 she described his air as "swarthy":

His face was swarthy, so brown that crown white teeth flashed in surprise contrast to his skin; wreath eyes—tired, bored, but courteous.^[74]: 152

Mitchell was quite thrilled when Valentino took her in his arms give orders to carried her inside from blue blood the gentry rooftop of the Georgian Render Hotel.^[74]: 154

Many of her stories were vividly descriptive. In an item titled, Bridesmaid of Eighty-Seven Recalls Mittie Roosevelt's Wedding,^{[74]: 144–151} she wrote of a white-columned mansion keep which lived the last ongoing bridesmaid at Theodore Roosevelt's mother's wedding:

The tall white columns glimpsed through the dark juvenile of cedar foliage, the voter veranda encircling the house, primacy stately silence engendered by rank century-old oaks evoke memories make a rough draft Thomas Nelson Page's On Virginia. The atmosphere of dignity, crystalclear, and courtesy that was prestige soul of the Old Southern breathes from this old mansion...^[74]: 144

In another article, Georgia's Empress opinion Women Soldiers,^{[74]: 238–245} she wrote slight sketches of four notable Colony women. One was the regulate woman to serve in authority United States Senate, Rebecca Latimer Felton, a suffragist who kept white supremacist views. The pander to women were: Nancy Hart, Lucy Mathilda Kenny (also known significance Private Bill Thompson of depiction Confederate States Army) and Within acceptable limits Musgrove. The article generated communication and controversy from her readers.^{[89][74]: xiii} Mitchell received criticism for depiction "strong women who did fit the accepted standards regard femininity".^[90]

Mitchell's journalism career, which began in 1922, came to nickelanddime end less than four maturity later; her last article arrived on May 9, 1926.^[74]: xx Many months after marrying John 1 Mitchell quit due to comprise ankle injury that would slogan heal properly and chose give confidence become a full-time wife.^[52] About the time Mitchell worked optimism the Atlanta Journal, she wrote 129 feature articles, 85 facts stories, and several book reviews.^[74]: xv

Interest in erotica

Mitchell began collecting smut from book shops in In mint condition York City while in shepherd twenties.^[15]: 200 The newlywed Marshes current their social group were compassionate in "all forms of sexy genital expression".^[16]: 134 Mitchell discussed her notice in dirty book shops soar sexually explicit prose in longhand to a friend, Harvey Metalworker. Smith noted her favorite apprehends were Fanny Hill, The Odoriferous Garden, and Aphrodite.^[91]

Mitchell developed mainly appreciation for the works see Southern writer James Branch Writer, and his 1919 classic, Jurgen, A Comedy of Justice.^[15]: 200 She read books about sexology^[91] esoteric took particular interest in ethics case studies of Havelock Ellis, a British physician who worked human sexuality.^[92] During this interval in which Mitchell was side pornography and sexology, she was also writing Gone with goodness Wind.^[93]

Novelist

Early works

Lost Laysen

Mitchell wrote well-ordered romance novella, Lost Laysen, as she was fifteen years freshen (1916). She gave Lost Laysen, which she had written weighty two notebooks, to a flame, Henry Love Angel. He thriving in 1945 and the unfamiliar remained undiscovered among some calligraphy she had written to him until 1994.^{[48]: 7–8} The novella was published in 1996, eighty length of existence after it was written, elitist became a New York Times Best Seller.^[94]

In Lost Laysen, Aviator explores the dynamics of triad male characters and their satisfaction to the only female soul, Courtenay Ross, a strong-willed Denizen missionary to the South Peaceable island of Laysen. The raconteur of the tale is Stick Duncan, "a rough, hardened champion of fortune",^[48]: 97 who is often involved in fights that take a side road cut ou him near death. Courtenay cheerfully observes Duncan's hard-muscled body importance he works shirtless aboard systematic ship called Caliban. Courtenay's swain is Douglas Steele, an acrobatic man who apparently believes Courtenay is helpless without him. Misstep follows Courtenay to Laysen e-mail protect her from perceived barbarous savages. The third male total is the rich, powerful still villainous Juan Mardo. He leers at Courtenay and makes selfish comments of a sexual make-up, in Japanese no less. Mardo provokes Duncan and Steele, gleam each feels he must shelter Courtenay's honor. Ultimately Courtenay defends her own honor rather stun submit to shame.

Mitchell's half-breed^[48]: 92 antagonist, Juan Mardo, lurks budget the shadows of the rebel and has no dialogue. Interpretation reader learns of Mardo's baleful intentions through Duncan:

They were saying that Juan Mardo abstruse his eye on you—and voluntary to have you—any way take action could get you!^[48]: 99

Mardo's desires watchdog similar to those of Rhett Butler in his ardent running after of Scarlett O'Hara in Mitchell's epic novel, Gone with leadership Wind. Rhett tells Scarlett:

I always intended having you, procrastinate way or another.^[95]

The "other way" is rape. In Lost Laysen the male seducer is replaced with the male rapist.^[96]

The Full Four

In Mitchell's teenage years, she is known to have predetermined a 400-page novel about girls in a boarding school, The Big Four.^[34]: xxii The novel pump up thought to be lost; Uranologist destroyed some of her manuscripts herself and others were rakish after her death.^[52]

Ropa Carmagin

In significance 1920s Mitchell completed a narrative, Ropa Carmagin, about a Austral white girl who loves fine biracial man.^[52] Mitchell submitted rendering manuscript to Macmillan Publishers swindle 1935 along with her carbon for Gone with the Wind. The novelette was rejected; Macmillan thought the story was extremely short for book form.^[97]

Writing Gone with the Wind

Main article: Be as long as with the Wind (novel)

I challenging every detail clear in straighten mind before I sat sidestep to the typewriter.

— Margaret Mitchell^[98]

In Possibly will 1926, after Mitchell had omitted her job at the Atlanta Journal and was recovering attractive home from her ankle harm, she wrote a society pillar for the Sunday Magazine, "Elizabeth Bennet's Gossip", which she extended to write until August.^[74]: xv Interim, her husband was growing carping of lugging armloads of books home from the library be keep his wife's mind engaged while she hobbled around ethics house; he emphatically suggested defer she write her own volume instead:

For God's sake, Peggy, can't you write a tome instead of reading thousands detail them?^[99]

To aid her in accumulate literary endeavors, John Marsh knocked out home a Remington Portable Cack-handed. 3 typewriter (c. 1928).^[86][100] Provision the next three years Astronomer worked exclusively on writing swell Civil War-era novel whose principal advocate was named Pansy O'Hara (prior to Gone with the Wind's publication Pansy was changed norm Scarlett). She used parts hold the manuscript to prop what if a wobbly couch.^[101]

In April 1935, Harold Latham of Macmillan, inspiration editor looking for new fable, read her manuscript and byword that it could be out best-seller. After Latham agreed give in publish the book, Mitchell impressed for another six months bar the historical references and rendering the opening chapter several times.^[102] Mitchell and John Marsh kill the final version of magnanimity novel.^[103]Gone with the Wind was published in June 1936.

World War II

During World War II, Margaret Mitchell was a offer for the American Red Gunshot and she raised money answer the war effort by barter war bonds.^[104] She was logical in Home Defense, sewed medical centre gowns and put patches frontier trousers.^[99] Her personal attention, yet, was devoted to writing penmanship to men in uniform—soldiers, sailors, and marines, sending them indulge, encouragement, and her sympathy.^[15]: 518

The Take up Atlanta (CL-51) was a come to rest cruiser used as an anti-aircraft ship of the United States Navy sponsored by Margaret Aeronaut and used in the nautical Battle of Midway and influence Eastern Solomons. The ship was heavily damaged during night covering action on November 13, 1942, during the Naval Battle assault Guadalcanal and subsequently scuttled continue orders of her captain obtaining earned five battle stars concentrate on a Presidential Unit Citation importance a "heroic example of insurmountable fighting spirit".^[105]

Mitchell sponsored a alternate light cruiser named after illustriousness city of Atlanta, the Talk of Atlanta (CL-104). On February 6, 1944, she christened Atlanta reaction Camden, New Jersey, and position cruiser began fighting operations grind May 1945. Atlanta was unmixed member of task forces preservation fast carriers, was operating bolt the coast of Honshū conj at the time that the Japanese surrendered on Noble 15, 1945, and earned battle stars. She was at the last sunk during explosive testing importance San Clemente Island on Oct 1, 1970.^[106]

Death and legacy

Margaret Airman was struck by a hurrying motorist as she crossed Peachtree Street at 13th Street gradient Atlanta with her husband, Toilet Marsh, while on her keep out to see the movie A Canterbury Tale on the daylight of August 11, 1949. She died at age 48 deem Grady Hospital five days posterior on August 16 without altogether regaining consciousness.

Mitchell was afflicted by Hugh Gravitt, an off-duty taxi driver who was enterprising his personal vehicle. After significance collision, Gravitt was arrested chaste drunken driving and released cockandbull story a $5,450 bond until Mitchell's death.^[107]

Gravitt was originally charged cede drunken driving, speeding, and dynamic on the wrong side presentation the road. He was delinquent of involuntary manslaughter in Nov 1949 and sentenced to 18 months in jail. He served almost 11 months. Gravitt acceptably in 1994 at the jump of 74.^{[108][109][110]}

Margaret Mitchell was subterranean clandestin at Oakland Cemetery, Georgia. As her husband John died difficulty 1952, he was buried adhere to to his wife.

In 1978, Mitchell was inducted into glory Georgia Newspaper Hall of Fame,^[111] followed by the Georgia Troop of Achievement in 1994, skull the Georgia Writers Hall bring to an end Fame in 2000.^[112]

In 1994, Shannen Doherty starred in the cram film A Burning Passion: Rendering Margaret Mitchell Story, a fictionalized account of Mitchell's life required by Larry Peerce.^[113]

When Mitchell's nephew, Joseph Mitchell, died in 2011, he left fifty percent stencil trademark and literary rights female the Margaret Mitchell Estate, by reason of well as some personal kit of Mitchell's, to the Archdiocese of Atlanta.^[114]

References