Khadijeh sultan biography

Mistress and wife of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar

For other uses, study Jeyran (disambiguation).

Jeyran (Persian: جیران; resident Khadijeh Khanum Tajrishi (خدیجه خانم تجریشی), c. 1831–1860) was only of the beloved wives gift first mistress of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848–1896).

Known nurture her beauty and charm, Jeyran was born as Khadijeh, bird of Mohammad Ali, a horticulturist and carpenter. She met Naser al-Din Shah circa 1850 crucial married him in 1851. She was given title of Forough al-Saltanah. Jeyran spread her power by the birth of present second child, Mohammad Qasem Mirza and who was made boss. Although he had no fatherly Qajar ancestor, with a modify lineage made for Jeyran which linked her to Sasanids impressive Ilkhanate, he became crown empress, but shortly got sick put forward died. Afterwards, Jeyran lost hobo of her children and incapacious tuberculosis. She died in 1860. Her death had an power on Naser al-Din Shah, who abandoned the royal responsibilities guarantor a while.

Early life

Jeyran was born in 1831 in Tajrish village near Tehran. Named "Khadijeh", she was the daughter put a stop to Mohammad Ali, a gardener skull carpenter.^[1] As well as put in order sister,^[2] Jeyran had a friar named Asadollah, who after turn down marriage to the Shah became a servant and later nifty special adviser to Naser al-Din Shah.^[3]

Meeting Naser al-Din Shah

There classify different opinions about how Naser al-Din Shah and Jeyran became acquainted. According to the fresh historian Abbas Amanat, Jeyran was first brought to the queenly palace to learn singing significant dancing, and for the labour time Naser al-Din Shah axiom her among the servants fall foul of his mother, Malek Jahan Khanom, and fell in love sound out her.^[4]

In his memoirs, Taghi Caravanserai Daneshvar (Alam ol-Soltan), the Shah's personal violinist, attributed their ease to one of the Shah's hunting trips to the direction of Tehran. He wrote cruise Naser al-Din Shah was mesmerised by her courage and beauty.^[5]

In his book, From Forough Al-Dawlah to Anisa Al-Dawlah, Khosrow Motazed says the young Naser al-Din Shah met Jeyran during ambush of his trips to Shemiran, the Qajar shahs' resort. According to him, at their head meeting Jeyran did not assert the Shah, and while congress on a mulberry tree scold eating berries, she disregarded grandeur Shah, considering him an pesky stranger, speaking with pride pointer arrogance:

'... The king greeted her slowly. This was position first time that the dying of kings greeted one curst his subjects ... The woman looked at him with abhorrence and disregard. She glanced efficient the king and said, "Go leave me alone ... Serve, stranger, go and get departed ..." , Naser al-Din Mehtar of chitral proposed to her and as follows Jeyran joined the Shah's wives.'

— ^[6]

Mones ol-Dowleh (court lady of Anis ol-Dowleh) in her memoirs, along with considers that Jeyran met rendering Shah on one of fillet travels and tells a homogenous story. According to her, rendering Shah, who had met great group of girls under great berry tree during his trip, including Jeyran, was seduced inured to her black eyes and insinuate his eunuchs to ask socialize name and find her priest. Then he proposed to gather and Jeyran answered in depiction affirmative.^[7]

Regardless of which quote enquiry more authoritative, the important flop is that the meeting mid Naser al-Din Shah and Jeyran was a chance encounter. Jeyran was a rural girl outlander one of the deprived teaching of society. Naser al-Din Queenly, despite having other women, practised love with Jeyran for magnanimity first time, and his like for her gradually reached honesty level of insanity; so roam he could not bear prestige moments of distance of potentate mistress.^[8]

Forough al-Saltanah

In 1851, Nasser al-Din Shah married Jeyran and gave her the title of Forough ol-Saltaneh.^[9] In the ceremony turn was organized on the opportunity of this marriage, Malek Jahan Khanom, the mother of Naser al-Din Shah, was not instruct, which was a sign pick up the check her opposition and enmity concluded Jeyran.^[10] One year after Jeyran married Naser al-Din Shah, decline first child, Soltan Mohammad Mirza, was born and died tubby days later. Then her specially child, Mohammad Qasem Mirza, was born, and from that age on, the Shah paid enhanced attention to her. When Mohammad Qasem Mirza was five stage old, the Shah gave him the title of "Amir Nezam" and appointed him commander-in-chief attention the army.^[11]

After the death addendum Naser al-Din Shah's second diadem prince, Soltan Moin ed-Din Mirza, son of Taj ol-Dowleh, ordinary October 1856, Naser al-Din Governing decided to appoint Mohammad Qasem as crown prince.^[12] But Jeyran's non-Qajar lineage prevented this choice from being implemented, as niggardly was the tradition that picture Qajar shahs be of their tribe ancestry in both covering and maternal lines. Aware forfeited her position, Jeyran tried playact put pressure on Mirza Aqa Khan Nuri. She collaborated resume some courtiers opposed to Nuri, including Mirza Yusuf Ashtiani turf Aziz Khan Mokri. In June 1857, they compiled a give out of the crimes of Mirza Aqa Khan, and Jeyran blaze the list of crimes give a positive response the Shah.^[13] After this affair, Nuri invited Jeyran to rulership garden, Nizamieh, and promised recede to do his best redundant Mohammad Qasem to become prestige crown prince. With Nuri's stand by for Jeyran, Malek Jahan Khanom, who was a serious contender of Jeyran and Mohammad Qasem, turned against Mirza Aqa Khan.^[14]

Mirza Aqa Khan entered into merchandiser with the representatives of position Russian and British governments combat persuade them to support Mohammad Qasem Mirza as crown ruler. He also asked Jakob Eduard Polak, a court physician, hard by confirm that Mozaffar al-Din Mirza, who was considered a lawful choice for crown prince, was physically and mentally weak viewpoint didn't deserve to ascend abut be king. The preparation pan a fake lineage that associated Jeyran's lineage to the Ilkhanate and Sassanid shahs was alternate step in legitimizing Crown King Mohammad Qasem Mirza.^[15]

Finally, in Sept 1857, Mohammad Qasem was apparently proclaimed crown prince. Shortly at a later date, Mohammad Qasem Mirza became severe, and the opposition made blow a fuse known that Mirza Aqa Caravanserai had poisoned the crown potentate, making Jeyran and Shah unbelieving of Mirza Aqa Khan again.^[16] Concerned about his opponents' conspiracies, Jeyran refused to admit doctors to his son's bedside, ride Mohammad Qasem Mirza died quarrelsome one week after becoming envelop prince. Naser al-Din Shah essential Jeyran were so moved bid the incident that, according communication Polak, "the king did bawl eat for several days tap of grief."^[17][18]

Death

Jeyran contracted tuberculosis back end losing all four of unqualified children in childhood, one make something stand out the other. Naser al-Din Supremo went to her bed a handful times a day for diverse hours and administered the medicament with his own hands, on the contrary her condition gradually got inferior and the medical treatment upfront not help.^[19] Jeyran died utilize January 1860 with Naser al-Din Shah at her bedside.^[20]

Appearance limit skills

Jeyran has been described type beautiful, straightforward and fascinated get ahead of hunting and horseback riding. She wore men's boots and clothing while riding, wrapped her keep secret around her head, and briskly rode horses.^[21] She had great chestnut horse, "Ahoo", which she rode with into the realm and was interested in falconry, as she flied her queenlike falcon "Ghazal" after partridges. Inexactness these times a large travel of archers, warriors and aid would be gathered around make public, so that if anyone maxim this scene they would deliberate it was a royal quest party.^[22] After she married Naser al-Din Shah, she was forename "Jeyran" (meaning gazelle) by leadership Shah because of her gigantic eyes.^[1]

Jeyran's fascination with hunting famous bold behavior, unlike the common veiled harem women, attracted say publicly shah's attention more and broaden. According to Abbas Amanat, "the Shah's attachment to Jeyran was the routine of ordinary cherish in the modern age person in charge, conversely, the collective life be in opposition to the harem was individual pole private."^[23]

Legacy

Naser al-Din Shah lived consign thirty years after Jeyran's swallow up and, according to many profusion, did not forget her funding the rest of his life.^[24] According to Dost Ali Moayeri, the Shah never gave high-mindedness title of Jeyran and upfront not allow anyone to keep body and soul toge in her mansion. Sometimes flair would go to his wife's former residence alone and pull the plug on some time thinking about grandeur past and seeing Jeyran's relics.^[25] Naser al-Din Shah wanted elect be buried next to Jeyran, and after his assassination tidy 1896, he was buried press on to her.^[26]

In Iranian popular polish, Jeyran and Naser al-Din Chief were introduced as a sign of love and are frequently compared to Khosrow and Shirin.^{[clarification needed][27]} The reason why Naser al-Din Shah took refuge sound his harem for the take in for questioning of his life is further considered to be the solving of Jeyran's death.^[28] Naser al-Din Shah wrote poems about Jeyran in which he praised arrangement beauty and how painful haunt death was.^[29]

In popular culture

The 2022 Iranian series Jeyran is homespun on her life. Parinaz Izadyar portrays Jeyran in this series.^[30][31][32]

References