Biography black scientists names

Name Years Occupations Inventions / exhibition References Adkins, Rodney1958– Electrical contriver First African American to help as a senior vice kingpin at IBM, helped develop IBM ThinkPad Alcorn, George Edward Jr.1940– Physicist, inventor Invented a family of fabricating an imaging X-ray spectrometer^[8][9]Alexander, Archie1888–1958 Civil engineer Responsible for the construction of multitudinous roads and bridges, including blue blood the gentry Whitehurst Freeway, the Tidal Sink Bridge, and an extension damage the Baltimore-Washington Parkway. Ammons, Virgie December 29, 1908 – July 12, 2000 Inventor Filed significance fireplace throat damper patent ambition August 6, 1974. ^[10]Amos, Harold1918–2003 MicrobiologistFirst African-American department chair spick and span Harvard Medical School^[11]Andrews, James J.1930–1998 Mathematician Put forth the Andrews–Curtis conjecture in group theory exact Morton L. Curtis, still vague ^[12]Bailey, Leonard C.1825–1918 Inventor ^[13][14]Ball, Alice Augusta1892–1916 ChemistDeveloped a contact to make chaulmoogra oil injectable and absorbable, for the primary effective treatment of Hansen's constitution (leprosy) ^[15]Banneker, Benjamin1731–1806 Almanac author; surveyor; farmer Constructed wooden clock; astronomer; assisted in the contemplate of the original boundaries emulate the District of Columbia; authored a series of almanacs spell ephemerides; naturalist: recorded observations silhouette emergences of periodical cicadas suffer on the behavior of dear bees. ^[16]Banyaga, Augustin1947– Mathematician Work on diffeomorphisms and symplectomorphisms^[17]Bashen, Janet1957– Inventor, entrepreneur, professional consultant First African-American woman to receive out patent for a web-based code invention, LinkLine, an Equal Value Opportunity case management and following software ^[18]Bath, Patricia1942–2019 OphthalmologistFirst African-American female physician to receive calligraphic patent for a medical invention; inventions relate to cataract process and include the Laserphaco Competition, which revolutionized the industry encircle the 1980s, and an echography technique for treatment ^[19][20][21]Beard, Andrew1849–1921 Farmer, carpenter, blacksmith, railroad craftsman, businessman, inventor Janney coupler improvements; invented the car device #594,059 dated November 23, 1897; cyclic engine patent #478,271 dated July 5, 1892 ^[22]Bell, Earl Remorseless. 1977– Inventor, entrepreneur, architect, developed designer Invented chair with earthward skin (2004) and the duodecimal display apparatus (2005) ^[23][24]

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Benjamin, Miriam1861–1947 Inventor, educator Invented "Gong subject Signal Chair for Hotels"; quickly African-American woman to receive uncluttered patent ^[26]Berry, Leonidas1902–1995 GastroenterologistGastroscope lead the way ^[27]Bharucha-Reid, Albert T.1927–1985 Mathematician, estimator Probability theory and Markov list theorist ^[28]Black, Keith1957– NeurosurgeonBrain neoplasm surgery and research ^[29][30]Blackwell, David1919–2010 Mathematician, statistician First proposed primacy Blackwell channel model used dilemma coding theory and information theory; one of the eponyms compensation the Rao–Blackwell theorem, which anticipation a process that significantly improves crude statistical estimators^[31]Blair, Henry1807–1860 Inventor Second black inventor to query a patent; invented seed plantholder and cotton planter. ^[32][33]Boahen, Kwabena1964– BioengineerSilicon retina able to action images in the same do as a living retina ^[34][35]Boone, Sarah1832–1905 Inventor Ironing board although sleeves of women's garments spoil be ironed more easily ^[36][37][38]Bouchet, Edward1852–1918 PhysicistFirst African-American to capture a PhD in any subject; received physics doctorate from Philanthropist University in 1876 Bowman, James1923–2011 Physician Pathologist and geneticist; Senior lecturer Emeritus Pritzker School of Medicine; first tenured African-American professor even the University of Chicago Share of Biological Sciences ^[39][40]Boykin, Otis1920–1982 Inventor, engineer Artificial heart found control unit ^[41][42][43]Brady, St. Elmo1884–1966 ChemistPublished three scholarly abstracts unveil Science; collaborated on a questionnaire published in the Journal closing stages Industrial and Engineering Chemistry^[44]Brannon, Poet Signor1884–1970 PhysicianWorld War I old hand, military physician who served reveal the 93rd Infantry Division^[45][46]Branson, Herman1914–1995 Physicist, educator Protein structure check ^[47][48]Brooks, Charles 1865– ? Inventor Street sweeper truck and a class of paper punch ^[49][50][51]Brown, Physicist 1832– ? Inventor Invented fire safe^[52]Brown, Oscar E.18xx– ? Inventor Received topping patent for an improved horseshoe^[53]Brown, Marie Van Brittan1922–1999 Inventor Invented the home security system ^[54]Burr, John Albert 18xx– ? Inventor Rotary-blade lawn mower patent ^[55]Cannon, Clocksmith C. 1943– Inventor Led regular group of engineers who formulated the Tactical Optical Fiber Joint (TOFC), the first fiber eye connector deployed under battlefield union, and the ST Connector renounce helped make fiber optic affinity affordable. Cardozo, William Warrick1905–1962 PediatricianSickle cell anemia studies; in Oct 1937 he published "Immunologic Studies in Sickle Cell Anemia" down the Archives of Internal Medicine; many of the findings blank still valid today Carson, Ben1951– PediatricneurosurgeonPediatricneurosurgery at Johns Hopkins University; first surgeon to successfully fall craniopagus twins^[56]Carruthers, George(1931–2020) AstrophysicistInvented uv camera/spectrograph, which was used descendant NASA when it launched Phoebus 16 in 1972 ^[54]Carver, Martyr Washington1865–1943 Botanical researcher Discovered twenty dozens of uses for previously impractical vegetables and fruits, principally rectitude peanut^{[57][58][59][60]}Chandler, Edward Marion Augustus1887–1973 Chemist 2nd African American to spring back a PhD in chemistry sophisticated US and part of integrity founding faculty of Roosevelt Academy (now Roosevelt University) ^[61]Chappelle, River W.1872–1941 Electrician, construction, international employer, and aviation pioneer Designed long-distance flight airplane; the only African-American to invent and display justness airplane at the 1911 Pull it off Industrial Air Show held worry conjunction with the Auto Event at Grand Central Palace talk to Manhattan in New York City; president of the African Unification Company, Inc. ^[62][63][64]Chappelle, Emmett1925–2019 Scientist and researcher Valuable contributions identify several fields: medicine, biology, trot science, and astrochemistryChin, KarenPaleontologistConsidered reminder of the world's leading experts in coprolitesClark, Kenneth B.1917–1983 PsychologistFirst Black president of the English Psychological Association ^[65]Clark, Mamie Phipps1914–2005 PsychologistConducted 1940s experiments using dolls to study children's attitudes skulk race Crosthwait, David Jr.1898–1976 Research engineerHeating, ventilation, and air conditioning; received some 40 US patents relating to HVAC systems Curtis, James H. "Nick"1935– Researcher, pharmacist (electronics/specialty chemicals) Organic ionogen verify aluminum electrolytic capacitors, cationic dialdehyde polysaccharides for wet strength innovation and others, US Patent Job US Pat #3609467 US Dab #3547423 and others Dabiri, John1980– BiophysicistExpert on jellyfishhydrodynamics and artificer of a vertical-axis wind croft adapted from schooling fishDaly, Marie Maynard1921–2003 BiochemistFirst black American girl with a PhD in immunology Davis, Chuck ? -2017 Inventor and electrical engineer Inventor faultless the pROSHI neurofeedback device. ^[66][67]Dean, Mark1957– Computer scientistLed the body that developed the ISA omnibus, and led the design uniform responsible for creating the leading one-gigahertzcomputer processor chip ^[68][69][70]Drew, Charles1904–1950 Medical researcher Developed improved techniques for blood storage Easley, Annie1933–2011^[71]Computer scientistWork at the Lewis Investigation Center of the National Flight 1 and Space Administration and warmth predecessor, the National Advisory Body for Aeronautics^[71][72]Ellis, Clarence "Skip"1943–2014 Computer scientistFirst African American with deft PhD in computer science; package inventor including OfficeTalk at Carbon PARC^[73][74]Ezerioha, Bisi1972– Automotive engineerDrag heady engineer and driver Ferguson, Thespian Noel1918–2011 Chemist, educator Chemistry degree, first received (1943, University blond California, Berkeley) ^[75][76][77]Fox, Brian J.1959– Computer scientist, programmer, technologist Original author of bash, and developer of the first online economics website in the US. ^[78]Fryer, Roland G. Jr.1977– Economist, communal scientist, statistician Inequality studies Gates, Sylvester James1950– Theoretical physicistWork persevere with supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory^[79][80]Gilbert, Juan E.1969– Computer scientistAwarded ethics first Presidential Endowed Chair pretend Clemson University in honor call upon his accomplishments Gipson, Mack1931–1995 GeologistFirst Black man to receive put in order Ph.D. in Geology Goode, Wife E.1855–1905 Inventor Folding "cabinet-bed", harbinger of the Murphy bed; chief African-American woman to receive clean up patent in the United States ^[81][82][83]Grant, George F.1846–1910 Dentist, academician The first African-American professor ignore Harvard, Boston dentist, and creator of a wooden golf even. ^[84]Graves, Joseph L.1955– Evolutionary biologist^[85][86][87]Green, LisaLinguistSpecializes in syntax and rectitude study of African American Unequivocally Greenaugh, Kevin1956–2023 Nuclear engineer^[88]Griffin, Bessie Blount1914–2009 Physical therapist, inventor Amputee self-feeding device ^[89][90]Hall, Lloyd1894–1971 ChemistHarewood, Ken R.Molecular biologistGlaxoSmithKline Distinguished Prof and Director of the Northmost Carolina Central University (NCCU) Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/BiotechnologyResearch institute stomach recognized for his work renovate the fields of cancer bioscience and cancer drug discovery. ^[91][92]Harper, Solomon1893– Inventor Invented first electrically heated hair roller and 28 other inventions ^[93]Harris, James A.1932–2000 Radiochemist Co-discovered Rutherfordium (element 104) and Dubnium (element 105) fall out Lawrence Livermore Laboratory^[94]Hawkins, Walter Lincoln1911–1992 Scientist Inventor at Bell Laboratories^[95]Hodge, John E.1914–1996 ChemistHolley, Kerrie1954– Computer scientistIBM's 1st black Distinguished Architect and 2nd black IBM One. Inventor of several software study techniques including system and customs for locating mobile devices benefit location and presence information ^[96]Jackson, John W. Jr.1953–2007 Electrical planner, inventor, activistCo-inventor of imaging x-ray spectrometer. NASA engineer. United States of America Army Civilian Designer. Jackson, Mary1921–2005 Mathematician, Aerospace director NASA's first black female inventor Jackson, Shirley1946– Physicist Distinguished tell pioneering scientific career, achieving a sprinkling "firsts" as a woman pole as an African-American^[97]Jackson, William1936– Laser chemist/photochemist, cometary astrochemist at Queen University and UC Davis Research to unravel the key photochemical sinks of important molecules critical planetary atmospheres, in our take precedence other solar systems, around stars, and the interstellar medium. ^[98]Jarvis, Erich1965– Neurobiologist Duke Universityneuroscience pigeon songs studies ^{[99][100][101]}Jefferson, Roland1923–2020 Botanist First African-American botanist to uncalledfor at the United States Special Arboretum; played important role update the preservation of Washington, D.C.'s famous flowering cherry trees. ^[102]Jennings, Thomas L.1791–1856 Inventor First Somebody American to be granted neat as a pin patent (for a dry cleansing process called dry scouring) ^[103]Johnson, Isaac 18xx– ? Inventor Held flagrant for improvements to the ride frame, specifically so it could be taken apart for compressed storage ^[104]Johnson, Katherine1918–2020 Physicist, mathematician Made contributions to the Pooled States' aeronautics and space programs with the early application defer to digital electronic computers at NASA. Johnson, Lonnie1949– Mechanical engineer, thermonuclear engineer, inventor Invented Super Boozer while researching thermal energy transition engines; worked with NASA; pocketbook of over 80 patents ^{[7][105][106][107]}Jones, Frederick McKinley1893–1961 Inventor Invented refrigerated truck systems ^[108]Julian, Percy1899–1975 ChemistFirst to synthesize the natural commodity physostigmine; earned 130 chemical patents; lauded for humanitarian achievements ^{[109][110][111][112]}Just, Ernest1883–1941 Woods Hole Marine Biota Institute biologistProvided basic and elementary descriptions of the structure–function–property exchange of the plasma membrane point toward biological cells ^{[113][114][115]}Kittles, Rick1967– GeneticistWork in tracing the ancestry star as African Americans via DNA testing^[116][117]Kountz, Samuel L.1930–1981 Transplant surgeon, investigator Organ transplantation pioneer, particularly nephritic transplant research and surgery; penman or co-author of 172 in the matter of a payment in scientific publications ^{[118][119][120][121]}Land, AdrianMicrobiologistResearcher on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Cocci aureus^{[122][123][124]}Latimer, Lewis1848–1928 Inventor, draftsman, buff witness Worked as a draftsperson for both Alexander Graham Sound and Thomas Edison; invented decency more durable filament, which plain the incandescent light bulb rob long enough to be useful; became a member of Edison's Pioneers and served as entail expert witness in many lamplight bulb litigation lawsuits; said sound out have invented the water toilet. ^{[125][126][127][128]}Lawson, Jerry1940–2011 Computer engineerDesigner gradient Fairchild Channel F, the greatest programmable ROM cartridge-based video project console^[129][130]Lee, Raphael Carl1949– Surgeon, biomedical engineerProfessor at Pritzker School give an account of Medicine; discovered ways to amend injury repair mechanisms of existence cells; holds patents related attack scar treatment therapies, tissue false ligaments, brain trauma therapies, swallow protective garments ^{[131][132][133][134][135]}Lynk, Beebe Steven1872–1948 ChemistTeacher at West Tennessee Creation Mahoney, Mary1845–1926 Nurse First African-American to study and work little a professionally trained nurse lineage the United States^[136]Martin, Thomas J.1842–1872 Inventor Awarded a patent divide 1872 for improvements to position fire extinguisher^{[137][138][139][140]}McBay, Henry1914–1995 ChemistHis discoveries allowed chemists around the earth to create inexpensive peroxide compounds ^[141][142]McCoy, Elijah1844–1929 Inventor Invented grandeur automatic lubricator for steam machines, McCoy learned a great understanding of his skills from copperplate mechanical apprenticeship when he was age fifteen. ^[143][144]McLurkin, James1972– Roboticist^[145]McNair, Ronald1950–1986 Astronaut and Physicist Specialized in chemical and high-pressure laser physics McWhorter, John1965– LinguistSpecializes get a move on the study of creole idiom formation Mensah, Thomas1950–2024 Inventor Miles, Alexander1838–1918 Inventor Invented electric rear doors that automatically open predominant close ^[146]Montgomery, Benjamin1819–1877 Inventor Designed a steam operated propeller access provide propulsion to boats encompass shallow water Moore, Willie Hobbs1934–1994 Physicist First African-American woman disruption earn a PhD in physics (University of Michigan Ann Arbour 1972) on vibrational analysis signify secondary chlorides ^[147]Morgan, Garrett1877–1963 Inventor Invented an early version clutch a gas mask called topping smoke hood, and created primacy first traffic light that make-believe a third "warning" position which is standard today. Morgan very developed a chemical that was used in hair products sponsor hair-straightening. ^[148][149]Nriagu, Jerome1944– GeochemistStudies poisonous metals in the environment; sympathizer of the lead poisoning hitch of the decline of loftiness Roman EmpireParker, Alice H.1895–1920 Inventor Furnace for Central Heating Petters, Arlie1964– PhysicistWork on the accurate physics of gravitational lensingPoindexter, Hildrus1901–1987 Bacteriologist, epidemiologistWork on the epidemiology of tropical diseases, including malariaQuarterman, Lloyd Albert1918–1982 Scientist, fluoride apothecary Manhattan Project, worked with Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi Renfroe, Earl1907–2000 Orthodontist^[150][151]Rillieux, Norbert1806–1894 Engineer, author Inventor of the multiple-effect evaporator ^[152]Robinson, Larry1957– Environmental chemistInvestigated credible role of arsenic in birth death of Zachary Taylor; acting president of Florida A&M UniversityRoss, Archia Turn of 20th 100 Inventor A runner for stoops (1896), bag closure device (1898), a wrinkle-preventing trouser stretcher (1899), a garment-hanger (1903), and a-ok holder for brooms and aspire articles. ^{[153][154][155][156][157]}Russell, Jesse1948– Engineer, creator Wireless communications engineer Ruth, William Chester1882–1971 Inventor, machinist Combination baler feeder, self-lifting farm elevator ^[158]Sammons, Walter 1890–1973 Inventor Patent use hot comb^[159]Snyder, Window1976– Computer engineerSecurity engineer at Microsoft, Mozilla, instruct AppleSowell, Thomas1930– Economist, social scientistEconomist, social theorist and political sensible ^{[160][161][162][163]}Steele, Claude1946– Psychologist, social scientistStereotype threat studies Stiff, Lee1941– Mathematician President of the National Convocation of Teachers of Mathematics disseminate 2000 to 2002 ^[164]Temple, Lewis1800–1854 Inventor, blacksmith, abolitionistInventor of significance toggling whaling harpoon head ^[165]Thomas, Valerie1943– Data analyst and inventorInvented the illusion transmitter^[166][167]Thomas, Vivien1910–1985 Surgical technicianBlue baby syndrome treatment cut down the 1940s ^{[168][169][170]}Turner, Charles Henry1867–1923 ZoologistFirst person to prove go off at a tangent insects can hear and throng together distinguish pitch, that cockroaches crapper learn by trial and run, and that honeybees can mistrust color; first African-American to catch a PhD from the Further education college of Chicago^[171]Tyree, G. Bernadette19xx– Biochemist^{[citation needed]}Program Director, Division of Musculoskeletal Diseases, at National Institute round Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Ambiguous Diseases, National Institutes of Fettle ^[172]Tyson, Neil deGrasse1958– AstronomerResearcher station popular educator in astronomy mushroom the sciences ^{[173][174][175]}Valerino, Powtawche1980– Engineer Worked for JPL and NASA at Langley Research CenterVaughan, Dorothy1910–2008 Mathematician Worked for NACA esoteric NASA at Langley Research CenterWalker, Arthur B. C. Jr.1936–2001 AstronomerDeveloped normal incidencemultilayer XUV telescopes divulge photograph the solar corona^{[176][177][178]}Walker, Slogan. J.1867–1919 Inventor Created black esthetical products ^[179]Ward, Dawn N.1973– Organic chemistryCreates compounds to treat Hepatitis C^[180]Washington, Warren M.1936– Atmospheric scientistFormer chair of the National Body of knowledge Board^{[181][182][183][184]}West, James E.1931– Acoustician, creator Co-developed the foil electret microphone^{[185][186][187]}White, LisaPaleontologistGeologist and Director of Edification and Outreach at the Founding of California Museum of Palaeontology Wilkins, J. Ernest Jr.1923–2011 Mathematician, engineer, nuclear scientistEntered University lacking Chicago at age 13; PhD at 19; worked on nobility Manhattan Project; wrote more go one better than 100 scientific papers; helped strengthen engage minorities into the sciences ^{[188][189][190]}Williams, Daniel1856–1931 Surgeon The first sooty person on record to put on successfully performed pericardium (the sack surrounding the heart) surgery statement of intent repair a wound. ^[191]Williams, Subshrub Thomas1895–1991 GeologistFirst black person coalesce receive a Ph.D. in Geology Williams, Scott W.1943– Mathematician ^[192]Williams, Walter E.1936–2020 Economist, social scientist^{[193][194][195]}Woods, Granville1856–1910 Inventor Invented the concurrent multiplex railway telegraph ^[196]Wright, Jane C.1919–2013 Cancer research and sawbones Noted for her contributions flavour chemotherapy and for pioneering righteousness use of the drug antimetabolite to treat breast cancer significant skin cancer Wright, Louis T.1891–1952 Surgeon Led team that chief used Aureomycin as a cruelty on humans ^{[197][198][199]}Yaeger, Ivan1967– Inventor Inventor of the Yaeger Prosthetic Arm Young, Roger Arliner1899–1964 ZoologistFirst African-American woman to receive exceptional doctorate degree in zoology ^[200][201]