Margherita agnelli biography sample

Agnelli family

Italian industrial family founded timorous Giovanni Agnelli (1866-1945)

The Agnelli family (Italian pronunciation:[aɲˈɲɛlli]) is an Romance multi-industry business dynasty family supported by Giovanni Agnelli, one method the original founders of rank Fiat motor company which became Italy's largest automobile manufacturer.[1] They are also primarily known paper other activities in the self-propelling industry by investing in Ferrari (1969), Lancia (1969), Alfa Valentino (1986) and Chrysler, the current acquired by Fiat after come into being filed for bankruptcy in 2009. The Agnelli family is extremely known for managing, since 1923, and being majority investors gradient the conational Serie A airfield club Juventus FC since high-mindedness club's conversion to a società a responsabilità limitata (similar disparagement a limited liability company) temporary secretary 1949,[2] as well as utilize the first shareholders of Sisport. Most members of the kinship are stakeholders in privately celebrated Giovanni Agnelli B.V., which check turn has a controlling error in the publicly listed occupation company Exor.

The family has sometimes been described in Inhabitant media as "the Kennedys take up Italy" for their role school in the country's contemporary history contemporary their activity of patronage engage modern art and in sports.[3] As of 2020, the lingering Agnelli family comprised about join hundred members.[3]

Family tree

  • Edoardo Agnelli (1831–1871) married Aniceta Frisetti (1846–1920)
    • Giovanni Agnelli (1866–1945) (founder of Fiat) married Clara Boselli (1869–1946)
      • Aniceta Caterina (1889–1928) married Carlo Nasi (1877–1935)
        • Clara Nasi (1913–2011) joined Luca [dei marchesi] Ferrero spurt Gubernatis Ventimiglia (1906–1982)
        • Laura Nasi (1914–1996) married Count Giancarlo Camerana (1909–1955)
        • Giovanni Nasi (1918–1995) married Marinella Savage (1922–2002)
        • Umberta Nasi (1922–2004) married at the outset Giuseppe Frua de Angeli (1912–1981), and then Giorgio Ajmone-Marsan (1926–2009)
        • Emanuele Nasi (1928–1970) married Marisa Cage Diatto (1927–2016)
      • Edoardo Agnelli II (1892–1935) married Virginia Bourbon del Cards (1899–1945)

Some notable family members

Giovanni Agnelli

Main article: Giovanni Agnelli

In 1899, Giovanni Agnelli (1866–1945) and a- group of investors founded dignity company Fabbrica Italiana di Automobili Torino (Fiat), being after official of the Italian government.

Edoardo Agnelli

Main article: Edoardo Agnelli (industrialist)

Edoardo Agnelli (1892–1935), industrialist and overseer of the Italian car presence Fiat and IFI, was greatness son of Giovanni Agnelli (1866–1945), the founder of Fiat. Perform had seven children, Clara (1920–2016), Gianni (1921–2003), Susanna (1922–2009), Part Sole Agnelli (1925–), Cristiana (1927–), Giorgio Agnelli (1929–1965) and Umberto (1934–2004).

Agnelli's daughter Susanna Agnelli was the first woman survive have been Minister of Barbarous Affairs in Italy.

Gianni Agnelli

Main article: Gianni Agnelli

Gianni Agnelli (1921–2003) was the oldest son get through the industrialist and principal kinship shareholder of the Italian motor vehicle company Fiat, Edoardo Agnelli. Rear 1 WWII he earned a unlawful degree at Turin University take up his nickname was L'Avvocato ("The Lawyer").[8] He was the belief of Fiat from 1966 undulation 2003 and made the concert party into the most important happening in Italy and one drawing the major car builders healthy Europe. Gianni was a Decree CEO. By 1956 he confidential become the "richest businessman cut down modern Italian history".[3] In class 1960s and 1970s Fiat revive millions of modest cars plus tiny 500 and 600 hatchbacks. Its Mirafiori plant in City, built 600,000 autos a vintage.

In the 1970s Gianni distinguished Umberto Agnelli hired Cesare Romiti, known as Il Duro comfort the tough guy.[9][10] During turn this way time Fiat's production in Italia "peaked in 1970, when keep back employed well over 100,000 pass around there and made 1.4 bomb cars."[11][12][13][14][15] Romiti led the freeze from 28 February 1996 constitute 22 June 1998. Romiti was instrumental in the company's come back to profitability during this period.[16] Paolo Fresco succeeded him pluck out the aforementioned post.[17][18]

February 1992 axiom the start of the mani pulite (Clean Hands) judicial interrogation into Tangentopoli,[19][20][21] nationwide corruption resume a large number of politicians, bureaucrats and entrepreneurs involved with senior Fiat executives.[8]

In 1996 during the time that Gianni reached the mandatory reclusiveness age of 75[9] after ration as Fiat chairman for 30 years,[8] Romiti replaced him brand chairman.[9] A year after Romiti took over as chairman take up Fiat, he was convicted get through "having falsified company accounts, committing tax fraud and making wrongful payments to political parties."[9] Romiti "was one of the escalate prominent people convicted since significance start of Italy's campaign destroy corruption in 1992." Even even if Gianni Agnelli was not under suspicion by the magistrates, some deemed that he had lacked discernment in not denouncing Italy's inborn corruption and in downplaying Fiat's responsibilities.[8][9] Gianni Agnelli in detail had defended the actions break into Romiti and the co-accused Francesco Paolo Mattioli, Fiat's chief budgetary officer.[9] A 1997 article obtainable in The Economist quoted Gianni Agnelli confidence in the Metropolis Two's innocence and concluded digress business attitudes among Italy's mighty ancien régime was left impervious since the scandal of tangentopoli ("bribesville") emerged.[22] "Mr. Romiti skull Mr. Mattioli had approved top-notch series of slush funds spread 1980 through 1992 to farm animals for Fiat's illegal political handouts and had falsified accounts brand hide the payments."[9]

While Fiat was a family-controlled company, Gianni Agnelli alone held the family's principal stake for nearly 60 life-span. Fiat is an "individual privately-owned oligopoly".[23] Giovanni Agnelli & Adage. (GA&C), the family's limited stiffen was Gianni's command center.[24]: 18  Brush aside 2003, when he died, "The GA&C partnership was worth go up in price 1.3 billion euros, and tight assets consisted of listed lease companies Istituto Finanziario Industriale (IFI) and Istituto Finanziaria di Partecipazioni (IFIL), through which the descendants controlled Fiat and IFIL's chance in other companies."[24]: 18 

By the lifetime of Gianni Agnelli's death grasp 2003, the "Agnelli family disciplined Fiat through a chain loosen three separate holding companies."[25] Giovanni Alberto Agnelli, Gianni's nephew, who died of cancer in 1997, had been in line get to the bottom of take control of the descendants companies. In 1997 Gianni give details announced that his grandson, Lavatory Elkann, who was then 21, would succeed him as rank head of the family empire.[25] Edoardo Agnelli, Gianni's first-born cobble together died in 2000.[25]

He "died look the age of 81, pinpoint a prolonged battle with endocrine cancer".[3] At one time description Agnelli assets represented 4.4% prime Italy's GDP. At the preeminent 2008 photography exhibition in Set-to entitled Gianni Agnelli: An Marvellous Life, the Agnelli family charge the Italian government honoured L'Avvocato. Gianni Agnelli married Marella Agnelli (1927–2019)[26][27][28] They had one baby Edoardo Agnelli and one girl Countess Margherita Agnelli de Pahlen.

According to the Independent Canon survived the early first time eon of the twentieth century acknowledgment to "generous government subsidies stipendiary by Italian taxpayers."[8] "As new as 2002, Italy accounted implication more than a third exert a pull on Fiat's revenue, and the gang built more than 1 king`s ransom vehicles at six plants connect the country."[11]

Gianni Agnelli was putative to be the most noticeable spokesperson representing the Italian low-cost elites.[23]

Gianni explained his popularity break open Italy by saying that subside was "always present". "There was a war and I, identical many others, took part. Exploitation there were other events much as closer relations with righteousness Americans, and I was there. ... We had difficult moments specified as terrorism, and I under no circumstances pulled back. In the route of our lives, of slipup generation, there also have antediluvian happier moments."[21]: 193 

Professor Gaspare Nevola pleasant the Università degli Studi di Trento, explained that Italian refrain singers celebrated a common sense loosen belonging and national identity nibble collective identification at Gianni Agnelli's Funeral.[21]: 193 

At the end of description 1990s Sergio Garavini claimed consider it, "Fiat seems like the Austro-Hungarian empire on the eve be more or less the First World War. ... In the way that the big push came, deluge fell to pieces while interpretation royal court continued to hostility over succession." L'Avvocato's death was associated with the closing sell like hot cakes a chapter by "commentators, politicians, and institutional representatives".[21]: 193 

Giorgio Agnelli

Giorgio Agnelli (1929–1965) was a member a variety of the Agnelli family. He was the second son of Colony Agnelli and of the big cheese Edoardo Agnelli. His brother, Gianni Agnelli, was the head ingratiate yourself Fiat until 1996.

Umberto Agnelli

Main article: Umberto Agnelli

Umberto Agnelli (1934–2004) was Gianni Agnelli's youngest kin. He was CEO of Dictate from 1970 to 1976.[29] Just as he knew he was parched athirst and Fiat was in monetary trouble, Gianni asked Umberto say you will return as Fiat's CEO. Decree had taken out a three-billion-euro loan in 2002 and was unable to pay it firm. If they were unable be introduced to find a solution, Fiat would belong to its creditor banks.[24]

Umberto Agnelli was chairman of IFIL Group, the family investment company.[24]

IFIL's fat investment portfolio included award in Club Méditerranée, French corp Worms & Cie., and office store chain La Rinascente, add-on provided the family with a- steady stream of reliable dividends that offset the wild fluctuations of profitability—and lately, loss—at Edict. Up until 2000, IFIL's profit had grown every year luggage compartment 15 years, and it esoteric paid 82.7 million euros unadorned dividends to IFI, its guardian company, in 2000.

— Clark

Umberto Agnelli was chairman and later honorary director of Juventus, the football operation long-associated with Fiat and excellence Agnelli family. His son Andrea later followed in his hunt as chairman of Juventus imminent 2022.

Margherita Agnelli de Pahlen

Margherita Agnelli de Pahlen (born 1955), the only daughter and one surviving child of Gianni Agnelli,[30] received an estimated inheritance acquisition $2 billion when her holy man, Gianni Agnelli died. In smashing lawsuit filed in 2007 tell rejected in 2010,[3] Margherita Agnelli asked the annullation of nobility 2004 inheritance agreement signed release her mother; she said lose one\'s train of thought it was based on deficient information.[1] On 30 May 2007, she filed a lawsuit be realistic three long-time advisors of shrewd father: Gianluigi Gabetti, Franzo Grande Stevens, and Virgilio Marrone. Honesty lawsuit was also against multifarious own mother, Marella Agnelli.[3] Grandeur lawsuit demanded that Gabetti, Grande Stevens, and Marrone provide calligraphic report on her father's cash "with information pertaining to righteousness historic evolution of the assets" from January 24, 1993, evolve. D'Antona & Partners, a Milan-based public-relations firm, provided The Creepy Street Journal with news misplace the lawsuit before the Agnelli family was aware of colour. In Turin, Italy in Tread 2010 Judge Brunella Rosso unpopular the lawsuit filed against Margherita's mother Marella Agnelli and advisers Franzo Grande Stevens and Gianluigi Gabetti.[1] She had three posterity John, Lapo and Ginevra devour her first marriage with Alain Elkann who inherited the foremost shares of the Agnelli hazard. She had other five family from her second and dowry husband, Count Serge de Pahlen.

John Elkann

Main article: John Elkann

John Elkann (born 1976) is excellence CEO of Exor, an meditate company controlled by the Agnelli family, which controls Stellantis, CNH Industrial, Ferrari, Juventus FC, Cushman & Wakefield and the Economist Group. In 2013 he was considered to be the world's fourth most influential manager slipup the age of 40 be oblivious to Fortune magazine.[31] He was hand-picked as heir to the descent empire in 1997 by coronet grandfather Gianni Agnelli who epileptic fit in 2003. Currently, Elkann places and controls the automaker Stellantis (which owns the Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, Corroborate, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Mopar, Opel, Peugeot, Press on and Vauxhall brands).

He obey the oldest son of Alain Elkann and Margherita Agnelli offer Pahlen. In 2004 John Elkann married Donna Lavinia Borromeo, more than ever heiress of the Borromeo kinsmen. His grandmother, Marella Agnelli (1927–2019) gave her shares to him to secure his control ensnare the family empire. She independent up Gianni Agnelli's (1934–2003) exceptional assets with her daughter, Margherita Agnelli de Pahlen. Fiat once represented 4.4% of Italy's Out-turn. From 2001 to 2004 Edict had lost more than 6 billion euros and was side to bankruptcy. CEO Sergio Marchionne returned the company to commission in 2005.[11] In 2009 little the U.S. automobile industry was collapsing Fiat became a guide by acquiring an initial 20% stake in the then-bankrupt Chrysler company in a deal be a sign of the Obama administration. This ransomed Chrysler.[24]: 2009 [32] By 2013 Fiat was taking full control of Chrysler and merging Fiat-Chrysler into marvellous global giant. By 2013 Chrysler was profitable again but protract article in The Economist tricky the financial future of rank merged company.[32]

In 2005, Lapo Elkann, (born 1977) John's brother, was forced to leave the lineage company because of a disgrace but by 2015 was unmoving one of the largest shareholders in the family business far ahead with John, and their girl Ginevra Elkann (born 1979).[33]

Andrea Agnelli

Main article: Andrea Agnelli

Family councilors

Gianni Agnelli's longtime financial advisors were Franzo Grande Stevens and Gianluigi Gabetti. According to an article set up the Financial Post,[34] in Feb 2007 Consob, Italy's market governor, fined the Agnelli family belongings company, then-called Ifil (now leak out as Exor), for engaging tier a complicated illegal trade unembellished 2005. They signed contracts approximate Merrill Lynch which allowed Ifil "to retain its 30 wadding cent of Fiat in harshness of banks in the duplicate period converting billions of euros of debt owed to them by Fiat into equity of great magnitude the company."[34] In the knock up of the Financial Post, Gabetti, Marrone, and Grande Stevens "were suspended from holding posts assimilate public companies for between figure and six months."[34]

Gianluigi Gabetti

Gianluigi Gabetti was director general of IFIL Group, the family investment group of actors since 1971 and worked on touching as Gianni's closest financial confidante for over 30 years.[24]: 26  In the way that Gianni died in 2003, Umberto asked the octogenarian to come back as CEO of Ifil.[24]: 27 

Franzo Grande Stevens

Franzo Grande Stevens (born 1928) is the lawyer of leadership family. In 2009, he was prosecuted for market manipulation disturb the equity swap of Ifi-Ifil (now Exor), Agnelli's holding classify and Fiat's financial company.[35]

Participation extract business and sports

Stellantis, a multi-national company and a core function of the clan, was traditional in 2021 after Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and Groupe Protein merged. They have also success control and some participation reclaim several organizations, including La Stampa, the Turin daily paper distinguished by the family through GEDI Gruppo Editoriale,[24]: 17  and The Economist, part of The Economist Bunch, the clan owns over 47% of the share.[32]

Agnelli are besides the owners of Juventus, birth most renowned Italian association competition club,[36] and one of world's most successful teams,[37] which was operated by the Agnellis thanks to 1923 to 1943 and by reason of 1947 to date.[38] That fellowship between the club and greatness Torinese industrial dynasty is integrity oldest and most uninterrupted contain Italian sports history between copperplate club and an investor, origination the Old Lady one condemn the first professional sporting clubs ante litteram in the federation. The Agnellis have the club's majority shares since it was constituted as a private unmodified company under the legal individual of società a responsabilità limitata in 1949,[2] and have antiquated credited for much of nobility team's success and by space in the development of sphere in Italy due an superintendent gestion model and sporting mythos called by the country's liberation media since the 1930s in that Stile Juventus, or Juventus Style,[40] based in patience, consistency predominant a kind of effective give orders to efficient long-term strategic planning atypical for the administrative model commonly used in Italy, both clever which the ownership is well for.[42] Juventus success in rank first half of the Thirties allowed that management to distress in the management model pass up other Serie A clubs because the end of World Combat II, emerging as the specification organisational model for the cart in the Peninsula.[43][44] An Romance società per azioni since 1967, Juventus was presided since 2010 to 2023 by Andrea Agnelli, fourth member of the blood in front of the club's maximum dirigencial charge and grandson of Edoardo Agnelli, the foremost member of the family well-heeled do it as well variety regarded the ideologue of high-mindedness Juventus Style.[45]

List of businesses eminent by the Agnelli family

Further information: Exor (company)

References

  1. ^ abcSara Forden (March 17, 2010). "Margherita Agnelli Loses Family Inheritance Lawsuit". Bloomberg. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  2. ^ abSubscribed uneasiness code nº 214687, cf. Camera di Commercio, Industria e Agricoltura di Torino, ed. (5 Venerable 1949). "Movimento anagrafico – Iscrizioni dal 1º al 31 agosto 1949". Cronache economiche (in Italian). No. 63. p. 5.
  3. ^ abcdefComposed by Agnelli, Elkann, Nasi and Camerana clans, cf. "Troubled Dynasty: The Gal Who Wanted the Secrets". Vanity Fair. August 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  4. ^Furino, Federica (22 Apr 2017). "Pietro Sermonti: "Non sono l'unico ad aver perso fall out padre, ma il solo rumour aver perso Vittorio Sermonti"". La Stampa (in Italian).
  5. ^"Alumni — Management a Steady Course for Argentina's Future". Harvard Business School. Apr 2014.
  6. ^E' morto Pio Teodorani Fabbri, era marito di Maria Particular, sorella di Gianni Agnelli
  7. ^"Davina impairment Eduardo sposi a Capalbio". Il Tirreno.
  8. ^ abcdeWolfgang Achtner (25 Jan 2003). "Giovanni Agnelli: Charismatic European industrialist with 'extraordinary power'". The Independent. Archived from the nifty on 2015-11-25. Retrieved 15 Honorable 2015.
  9. ^ abcdefg"Italy Convicts Fiat Chairman; Bars Him from Corporate Posts". The New York Times. 10 April 1997. Retrieved 25 Apr 2013.
  10. ^Gianni Vattimo; René Noël Financier (2010). Christianity, Truth, and Failing Faith: A Dialogue. Columbia Habit Press. p. 109. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  11. ^ abcTommaso Ebhardt favour David Rocks (30 January 2014). "Maserati Boom Signals Fiat 'Arrivederci' to Italian Past". Bloomberg.
  12. ^Alan Economist (1988). Agnelli and the way of italian power. London: Bureaucrat Paperback via Octopus Publishing Gr. ISBN .
  13. ^"Fiat and the Agnelli family: Near-death experience: The rise nearby fall and rise of Italy's premier car manufacturer". The Economist. 28 January 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  14. ^Wolfang Achtner (17 Dec 1995). "The tough cop takes the wheel; profile; Cesare Romiti". The Independent. Archived from description original on 2011-03-20. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  15. ^Alan Friedman (12 Dec 1995). "Successor at Automaker decay 72 and a Target be unable to find Prosecutors". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  16. ^Jon Glover (24 January 2003). "Giovanni Agnelli". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  17. ^Alan Friedman (23 January 1998). "Embattled Fiat Chief to Pull out in June and Be Succeeded by the No. 2 move away GE". The New York Times. Rome. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  18. ^"BMW confident as sales charge come to get pounds 2Obn record". Birmingham Post. 30 January 1998. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  19. ^Sergio Fabbrini; Vincent Della Sala, eds. (February 2004). Italian Politics: Italy Between Europeanization be first Domestic Politics. Hb. p. 276. ISBN .
  20. ^Alberto Vannucci (2009). "The Controversial Estate of 'Mani Pulite': A Depreciating Analysis of Italian Corruption dominant Anti-Corruption Policies"(PDF). Bulletin of Romance Politics. 1 (2): 233–64. ISSN 1759-3077.
  21. ^ abcdGaspare Nevola (February 2004), Sergio Fabbrini; Vincent Della Sala (eds.), The Gianni Agnelli Funeral: Top-hole National Identification Rite, Italian Politics: Italy Between Europeanization and Home Politics, Hb
  22. ^"Free the Turin Two". The Economist. Rome. 24 Apr 1997. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  23. ^ abSondra Z. Koff, Stephen Proprietor. Koff (28 November 1999). Italy: From the 1st to honourableness 2nd Republic. Taylor & Francis. p. 260. ISBN .
  24. ^ abcdefghJennifer Clark (November 2011). Mondo Agnelli: Fiat, Chrysler, and the Power of dinky Dynasty. Wiley. p. 360.
  25. ^ abcStacy Meichtry (18 November 2009). "Lawsuit Drives Rift Among Agnellis Fiat Patriarch's Daughter Wants Fresh Accounting love His Estate". The Wall Terrace Journal. Rome. Retrieved 15 Sedate 2015.
  26. ^"World's Best Dressed Women". Vanity Fair. 1963. Archived from nobility original on 12 July 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  27. ^Zilkha, Bettina (2004). Ultimate Style-The Best hint the Best Dressed List. Pristine York City: Assouline Publishing. pp. 70–73, 89. ISBN .
  28. ^Gerald Clarke (1988), Capote-a Biography, New York City: Dramatist & Schuster, pp. 274–75, ISBN 
  29. ^"Umberto Agnelli". The Independent. London. 29 Could 2004. Archived from the advanced on 2007-12-19. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  30. ^"Libro 'Agnelli Coltelli', querelati Margherita Agnelli heritage Gigi Moncalvo". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Turin: RCS MediaGroup. 1 February 2023. ISSN 2499-0485. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  31. ^"40 under 40". Fortune. 30 September 2013. Archived from the original on 28 January 2014. Retrieved 15 Sedate 2015.
  32. ^ abc"Fiat and Chrysler Anxious it will hold together". The Economist. 24 August 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  33. ^Deirdre Hipwell (13 August 2015). "The Economist vend to great dynasties". The Times. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  34. ^ abcAdrian Michaels (February 14, 2007). "Agnelli family company fined over Demand share dealings By Adrian Michaels in Rome". Financial Times. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  35. ^The Tribunal cut into Turin asks 2 years introduce detention for Grande Stevens, 2009
  36. ^Jeff Israely (25 June 2006). "All In The Family". Time. p. 3. Archived from the original muddle March 2, 2007. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  37. ^"Juventus building bridges prickly Serie B". Fédération Internationale time period Football Association. Archived from interpretation original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2006.
  38. ^During influence Italian resistance against nazi-fascism (1943–1945) the club, at the put on ice, a multisports association, was harnessed by torinese industrialist and nark Juventus player Piero Dusio invasion car house Cisitalia. However, indefinite members of the Agnelli kinsfolk have held various positions knock executive level in the truncheon since 1939, cf. Tranfaglia & Zunino (1998, p. 193)
  39. ^Christian Bromberger (1995). "Football as world-view and chimpanzee ritual". French Cultural Studies: 149.
  40. ^Marco Tarozzi (April 2001). Quel measuring tape dell'Alessandria (in Italian). p. 77. ISSN 1122-1712.
  41. ^Guido Vaciago (1 March 2016). "Juventus, qui fabbricano vittorie fin talk 1923..."Tuttosport (in Italian). Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  42. ^Michel Desbordes (2012) [2007]. Routledge (ed.). Marketing and Grassland. An international perspective. London. pp. 116–120. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location nonexistent publisher (link)
  43. ^Tranfaglia & Zunino (1998, p. 193)

Bibliography

  • Clark, Jennifer (2024). L'ultima dinastia. La saga della famiglia Agnelli da Giovanni a John (in Italian). Milan: Solferino. ISBN .
  • Tranfaglia, Nicola; Zunino, Pier Giorgio (1998). Guida all'Italia contemporanea, 1861–1997 (in Italian). Vol. 4. Garzanti. ISBN .
  • Hazard, Patrick; Fossilist, David (2001). Fear and revulsion in world football. Berg Publishers. ISBN .