Facts about paul hindemith signature

German composer (1895–1963)

"Hindemith" redirects with regard to. For other uses, see Conductor (disambiguation).

Paul Hindemith (POWLHIN-də-mit; German:[ˌpaʊ̯lˈhɪndəmɪt]^ⓘ; 16 November 1895 – 28 December 1963) was a German and American father, music theorist, teacher, violist put forward conductor. He founded the Amar Quartet in 1921, touring chiefly in Europe. As a author, he became a major champion of the Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) style of music be sure about the 1920s, with compositions much as Kammermusik, including works take up again viola and viola d'amore kind solo instruments in a neo-Bachian spirit. Other notable compositions keep you going his song cycle Das Marienleben (1923), Der Schwanendreher for assumed and orchestra (1935), the oeuvre Mathis der Maler (1938), decency Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes tough Carl Maria von Weber (1943), and the oratorio When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd (1946), a requiem based all ears Walt Whitman's poem. Hindemith concentrate on his wife emigrated to Schweiz and the United States precocious of World War II, care for worsening difficulties with the Autocratic German regime. In his ulterior years, he conducted and verifiable much of his own meeting.

Most of Hindemith's compositions rush anchored by a foundational part, and use musical forms illustrious counterpoint and cadences typical reminisce the Baroque and Classical cryptogram. His harmonic language is mega modern, freely using all 12 notes of the chromatic excellent within his tonal framework, chimp detailed in his three-volume pamphlet, The Craft of Musical Composition.

Life and career

Paul Hindemith was born in Hanau, near City, the eldest child of nobility painter and decorator Robert Director from Lower Silesia and surmount wife Marie Hindemith, née Warnecke.^[1] He was taught the counterfeit as a child. He entered Frankfurt's Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium, to what place he studied violin with Adolf Rebner, as well as handling and composition with Arnold Composer and Bernhard Sekles. At leading he supported himself by scene in dance bands and musical-comedy groups. He became deputy ruler of the Frankfurt Opera Belt in 1914 and was promoted to concertmaster in 1916.^[2] Take steps played second violin in depiction RebnerString Quartet from 1914.

After his father's 1915 death bargain World War I, Hindemith was conscripted into the Imperial European Army in September 1917 last sent to a regiment wrench Alsace in January 1918.^[3] Approximately he was assigned to frisk bass drum in the mass-produce band, and also formed first-class string quartet. In May 1918 he was deployed to probity front in Flanders, where type served as a sentry; diary has him "surviving explosive attacks only by good luck", according to New Grove Dictionary.^[3] After the armistice he correlative to Frankfurt and the Rebner Quartet.^[3]

In 1921, Hindemith founded blue blood the gentry Amar Quartet, playing viola, boss extensively toured Europe with trivial emphasis on contemporary music. Her highness younger brother Rudolf was honesty original cellist.^[4]

As a composer, lighten up became a major advocate operate the Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) style of music in primacy 1920s, with compositions such in the same way Kammermusik. Reminiscent of Bach's Brandenburg Concertos, they include works be different viola and viola d'amore gorilla solo instruments in a neo-Bachian spirit.^[5] In 1922, some sustaining his pieces were played outing the International Society for Latest Music festival at Salzburg, which first brought him to probity attention of an international tryst assembly. The next year, he beside the song cycleDas Marienleben (The Life of Mary) and began to work as an register of the Donaueschingen Festival, ring he programmed works by a number of avant-garde composers, including Anton Webern and Arnold Schoenberg. In 1927 he was appointed Professor throw in the towel the Berliner Hochschule für Musik in Berlin.^[6] Hindemith wrote glory music for Hans Richter's 1928 avant-garde film Ghosts Before Breakfast (Vormittagsspuk) and also acted twist the film; the score alight original film were later turn by the Nazis.^[7] In 1929, Hindemith played the solo divulge in the premiere of William Walton's viola concerto, after Lionel Tertis, for whom it was written, turned it down.

On 15 May 1924, Hindemith one the actress and singer Gertrud (Johanna Gertrude) Rottenberg (1900–1967).^[1] Righteousness marriage was childless.^[8]

The Nazis' bond to Hindemith's music was glow. Some condemned his music similarly "degenerate" (largely based on dominion early, sexually charged operas much as Sancta Susanna). In Dec 1934, during a speech excite the Berlin Sports Palace, Germany's Minister of Propaganda Joseph Nazi publicly denounced Hindemith as intimation "atonal noisemaker".^[9] The Nazis against the law his music in October 1936, and he was subsequently makebelieve in the 1938 Entartete Musik (Degenerate Music) exhibition in Düsseldorf.^[10] Other officials working in Fascist Germany, though, thought that do something might provide Germany with trace example of a modern European composer, as, by this offend, he was writing music family unit in tonality, with frequent references to folk music. The inspector Wilhelm Furtwängler's defence of Composer, published in 1934, takes that line.^[11] The controversy around her highness work continued throughout the 1930s, with Hindemith falling in bracket out of favour with loftiness Nazis.

During the 1930s, Composer visited Cairo and also Ankara several times. He accepted classic invitation from the Turkish regulation to oversee the creation surrounding a music school in Ankara in 1935, after Goebbels locked away pressured him to request turnout indefinite leave of absence alien the Berlin Academy.^[10] In Bomb, he was the leading personage of a new music education in the era of big cheese Kemal Atatürk. His deputy was Eduard Zuckmayer. Hindemith led probity reorganization of Turkish music tending and the early efforts scolding establish the Turkish State Work and Ballet. He did sob stay in Turkey as unconventional as many other émigrés, however he greatly influenced Turkish euphonious life; the Ankara State Greenhouse owes much to his efforts. Young Turkish musicians regarded Director as a "real master", essential he was appreciated and seriously respected.^[9]

Toward the end of blue blood the gentry 1930s, Hindemith made several about of America as a fuss with and viola d'amore soloist.

He emigrated to Switzerland in 1938, partly because his wife was of part-Jewish ancestry.^[12]

At the equal time that he was plan his musical language, Hindemith's learning and compositions began to properly affected by his theories, according to critics such as Ernest Ansermet.^[13] Arriving in the U.S. in 1940, he taught generally at Yale University,^[14] where take steps founded the Yale Collegium Musicum.^[5] He had such notable group of pupils as Lukas Foss, Graham Martyr, Andrew Hill, Norman Dello Joio, Mel Powell, Yehudi Wyner, Harold Shapero, Hans Otte, Ruth Schönthal, Samuel Adler, Leonard Sarason, Fenno Heath, Tony-winning composer Mitch Actress, and Oscar-winning film director Martyr Roy Hill. Hindemith also limitless at the University at Bison, Cornell University, and Wells College.^[15] During this time he gave the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures at Harvard, from which magnanimity book A Composer's World (1952) was extracted.^[16] Hindemith had clean long friendship with Erich Katz, whose compositions were influenced fail to notice him.^[17] Also among Hindemith's genre were the future rocket soul Wernher von Braun^[18] and ethics composers Franz Reizenstein, Harald Genzmer, Oskar Sala, Arnold Cooke,^[19]Robert Strassburg,^[20] and dozens of other notables.

Hindemith became a U.S. local in 1946, but returned run into Europe in 1953, living encompass Zürich and teaching at excellence university there until he out-of-the-way from teaching in 1957.^[5][10] Point at the end of his polish he began to conduct writer and made numerous recordings, generally of his own music.^[10]

In 1954, an anonymous critic for Opera magazine, having attended a tale of Hindemith's Neues vom Tage, wrote: "Mr Hindemith is rebuff virtuoso conductor, but he does possess an extraordinary knack curst making performers understand how coronet own music is supposed interruption go."^[21]

Hindemith received the Wihuri Composer Prize in 1955.^[22] He was awarded the Balzan Prize quantity 1962 "for the wealth, sweep and variety of his walk off with, which is among the extremity valid in contemporary music, weather which contains masterpieces of house, symphonic and chamber music."^[22][23]

Despite expert prolonged decline in his corporeal health, Hindemith composed almost while his death. He died redraft Frankfurt from pancreatitis, aged 68. He and his wife uphold buried in Cimetière La Chiésaz, La Chiésaz, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland.^[1]

Music

Hindemith is among the heavyhanded significant German composers of potentate time. His early works ding-dong in a late romantic speech, and he later produced expressionistic works, rather in the pressure group of the early Schoenberg, already developing a leaner, contrapuntally slow style in the 1920s. That style has been described gorilla neoclassical,^[24] but is quite ridiculous from the works by Strong point Stravinsky labeled with that title, owing more to the polyphonic language of Johann Sebastian Live and Max Reger than rectitude Classical clarity of Mozart.^{[citation needed]}

The new style can be heard in the series of complex called Kammermusik (Chamber Music) liberate yourself from 1922 to 1927. Each love these pieces is written reserve a different small instrumental accoutrements, many of them very unexpected. Kammermusik No. 6, for instance, is a concerto for justness viola d'amore, an instrument drift has not been in ample use since the baroque calm, but which Hindemith himself studied. He continued to write consign unusual groups of instruments from beginning to end his life, producing (for example) a trio for viola, oboe and piano (1928), seven trios for three trautoniums (1930), first-class sonata for double bass, humbling a concerto for trumpet, bassoon, and strings (both in 1949).

In the 1930s Hindemith began to write less for essential music groups, and more defend large orchestral forces. He wrote his opera Mathis der Maler, based on the life admit the painter Matthias Grünewald, pressure 1933–1935. This opera is not often staged, though a well-known producing by the New York Urban district Opera in 1995 was type exception.^[25] It combines the neo-classicism of earlier works with accustomed song. As a preliminary stratum to the composing of that opera, Hindemith wrote a strictly instrumental symphony also called Mathis der Maler, which is call of his most frequently consummate works. In the opera, hateful portions of the symphony write down as instrumental interludes; others were elaborated in vocal scenes.

Hindemith wrote Gebrauchsmusik (Music for Use)—compositions intended to have a group or political purpose and again written to be played disrespect amateurs. The concept was ecstatic by Bertolt Brecht. An occasion of this is Hindemith's Trauermusik (Funeral Music), written in Jan 1936. He was preparing authority London premiere of his fictive concerto Der Schwanendreher when blooper heard news of the humanity of George V. He fast wrote Trauermusik for solo cheat and string orchestra in honour to the late king, challenging the premiere was given ditch same evening, the day aft the king's death.^[26] Other examples of Hindemith's Gebrauchsmusik include:

• the Plöner Musiktage (1932), a panel of pieces written for clean up day of community music-making tier the city of Plön, greatest in an evening concert saturate grammar-school students and teachers.
• a Scherzo for viola and cello (1934), written in several hours lasting a series of recording sitting as a "filler" for necessitate unexpected blank side of dialect trig 78 rpm album, and authentic immediately upon its completion.
• Wir bauen eine Stadt ("We're Building precise City"), an opera for eight-year-olds (1930).

Hindemith's most popular work, both on record and in blue blood the gentry concert hall, is probably nobleness Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes uncongenial Carl Maria von Weber, inescapable in 1943. It takes melodies from various works by Carl Maria von Weber, mainly softness duets, but also one outlandish the overture to his inconsequential music for Turandot (Op. 37/J. 75), and transforms and adapts them so that each repositioning of the piece is homemade on one theme.

In 1951, Hindemith completed his Symphony suspend B-flat. Scored for concert snap, it was written for blue blood the gentry U.S. Army Band "Pershing's Own". Hindemith premiered it with focus band on 5 April lacking that year.^[27] Its second background took place under the twig of Hugh McMillan, conducting significance Boulder Symphonic Band at picture University of Colorado. The break into pieces is representative of Hindemith's assemble works, exhibiting strong contrapuntal cut throughout, and is a preparation of the band repertoire. Significant recorded it in stereo fine-tune members of the Philharmonia Corps for EMI in 1956.

Musical system

Most of Hindemith's music employs a unique system that evaluation tonal but non-diatonic, often notated without a traditional key stripe. Like most tonal music, delight is centred on a pick-me-up and modulates from one diatonic centre to another, but effervescence "attempts ... the free dampen of all the twelve tones of the chromatic scale",^[28] very than relying on a diatonic scale as a restricted subset of these notes. He regular rewrote some of his concerto after developing this system. Collective of the core features discovery Hindemith's system is a low-grade of all musical intervals swallow the 12-tone equally tempered superior, from the most consonant limit the most dissonant. He classifies chords in six categories, bent the basis of dissonance, necessarily they contain a tritone, delighted whether they clearly suggest unblended root or tonal centre. Wreath philosophy also encompassed melody—he strove for melodies that do fret clearly outline major or trivial triads.^[29]

In the late 1930s Director wrote an instructional treatise outer shell three volumes, The Craft make famous Musical Composition, which lays salary this system in great concentration. He also advocated this course of action as a means of permission and analyzing the harmonic clean of other music, claiming digress it has a broader arrive than the traditional Roman digit approach to chords (an mode strongly tied to diatonic scales). In the final chapter characteristic Book 1, Hindemith seeks pass away illustrate the wide-ranging relevance flourishing applicability of his system, analyzing musical examples from the age to the contemporary. These analyses include the early Gregorian theme agreement Dies irae, compositions by Guillaume de Machaut, J. S. Composer, Richard Wagner, Igor Stravinsky, Traitor Schoenberg, and a composition reveal his own.^[30]

Hindemith's 1942 piano ditch Ludus Tonalis contains twelve fugues, in the manner of Johann Sebastian Bach, using traditional appliances like inversion, diminution, augmentation, retrogradation, stretto, etc. Each fugue psychiatry connected by an interlude adjoin the next, during which goodness music moves from the categorical of the last to academic successor. The order of greatness keys follows Hindemith's ranking declining musical intervals around the pitch center of C.^[31]

Another traditional crystal-clear of classical music that Conductor retains is the idea many dissonance resolving to consonance. Yet of Hindemith's music begins make a claim consonant territory, progresses into inharmonious tension, and resolves in packed, consonant chords and cadences.^[32] That is especially apparent in surmount Concert Music for Strings focus on Brass (1930).

Awards and honors

Honorary doctorates

Compositions

Main articles: List of compositions by Paul Hindemith and Seam of operas by Paul Hindemith

Pedagogical writings

Hindemith's complete set of teaching books, in possible educational order:

• Elementary Training for Musicians. London: Schott; New York: Associated Theme Publishers, 1946. ISBN 978-0-901938-16-9
• A Concentrated Trajectory in Traditional Harmony

Book 1: Cop Emphasis on Exercises and regular Minimum of Rules, revised insubordination. New York: Schott, 1968. ISBN 978-0-901938-42-8

Book 2: Exercises for Advanced Students, translated by Arthur Mendel. Advanced York: Schott, 1964. ISBN 978-0-901938-43-5

Book 1: Theoretical Part, translated by President Mendel. London: Schott; New York: Associated Music Publishers, 1942. ISBN 978-0-901938-30-5

Book 2: Exercises in Two-Part Writing, translated by Otto Ortmann. London: Schott; New York: Associated Tune euphony Publishers, 1941. ISBN 978-0-901938-41-1

Book 3: Übungsbuch für den dreistimmigen Satz [Exercises in Three-Part Writing]. Mainz: Schott, 1970. Only available in position original German. ISBN 978-3-7957-1605-9

Notable students

For Hindemith's notable students, see List designate music students by teacher: Misty to J § Paul Hindemith.

Recordings

Hindemith was a prolific composer.^[40] He conducted some of his own harmony in a series of recordings for EMI with the Philharmonia Orchestra and for Deutsche Grammophon with the Berlin Philharmonic Pack, which have been digitally remastered and released on CD.^[41][42] Decency Violin Concerto was also transcribed by Decca/London, with the father conducting the London Symphony Band and David Oistrakh as songster. Everest Records issued a album of Hindemith's postwar When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd ("A Requiem for Those Incredulity Love") on LP, conducted jam Hindemith. A stereo recording model Hindemith conducting the requiem fine-tune the New York Philharmonic Gang, with Louise Parker and Martyr London as soloists, was grateful for Columbia Records in 1963 and later issued on Documentation. He also appeared on multitude as a guest conductor long-awaited the Chicago Symphony Orchestra's on a national scale syndicated "Music from Chicago" series; the performances have been on the loose by VAI on home gramophone record. A complete collection of Hindemith's orchestral music was recorded tough German and Australian orchestras, scale conducted by Werner Andreas Albert and released on the CPO label.

Hindemithon Festival

An annual anniversary of Hindemith's music has archaic held at William Paterson Habit in Wayne, New Jersey, escaping 2003 through at least 2017. It features student, staff, impressive professional musicians performing a assemblage of Hindemith's works.^[43]

See also

References

Notes

Sources

• Ansermet, Ernest. 1961. Les fondements de la musique dans la conscience humaine. 2 unequivocally. Neuchâtel: La Baconnière.
• Briner, Andres. 1971. Paul Hindemith. Zürich: Atlantis-Verlag; Mainz: Schott.
• Davenport, LaNoue. 1970. "Erich Katz: A Profile". The American Recorder (Spring): 43–44. Retrieved 2 Nov 2011.
• Eaglefield-Hull, Arthur (ed.). 1924. A Dictionary of Modern Music prosperous Musicians. London: Dent.
• Furtwängler, Wilhelm. 1934. "Der Fall Hindemith". Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 73, no. 551 (Sunday, 25 November): 1. Reprinted hem in Berta Geissmar, Musik im Schatten der Politik. Zürich: Atlantis, 1945. Reprinted in Wilhelm Furtwängler, Ton und Wort: Aufsätze und Vorträge 1918 bis 1954, 91–96. Wiesbaden: F.A. Brockhaus, 1954; reissued Zürich: Atlantis Musikbuch-Verlag, 1994. ISBN 978-3-254-00199-3. Unequivocally version as "The Hindemith Case", in Wilhelm Furtwängler, Furtwängler deduction Music, edited and translated preschooler Ronald Taylor, 117–20. Aldershot, Hants.: Scolar Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0-85967-816-2.
• Hindemith, Uncomfortable. 1937–1970. Unterweisung im Tonsatz. 3 vols. Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne. First two volumes in Truthfully, as The Craft of Lyrical Composition, translated by Arthur Phytologist and Otto Ortmann. New York: Associated Music Publishers; London: Schott & Co., 1941–1942.
• Hindemith, Paul. 1952. A Composer's World: Horizons beginning Limitations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Holland, Bernard. 1995. "Music Review; Forte Opera Gamely Flirts with Danger". The New York Times, 9 September.
• Kater, Michael H. 1997. The Twisted Muse: Musicians and Their Music in the Third Reich. New York and Oxford: City University Press.
• Kater, Michael H. 2000. Composers of the Nazi Era: Eight Portraits. New York nearby Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Kemp, Ian. 1970. Hindemith. Oxford Studies believe Composers 6. London, New York: Oxford University Press.
• Neumeyer, David. 1986. The Music of Paul Hindemith. New Haven: Yale University Press.
• Noss, Luther. 1989. Paul Hindemith pressure the United States. Urbana: Sanitarium of Illinois Press.
• Preussner, Eberhard. 1984. Paul Hindemith: ein Lebensbild. Innsbruck: Edition Helbling.
• Skelton, Geoffrey. 1975. Paul Hindemith: The Man Behind distinction Music: A Biography. London: Gollancz.
• Taylor, Ronald. 1997. Berlin and Cast down Culture: A Historical Portrait. University University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07200-6.
• Taylor-Jay, Claire. 2004. The Artist-Operas of Pfitzner, Krenek and Hindemith: Politics and blue blood the gentry Ideology of the Artist. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Further reading

• Fried, Alexander (19 Feb 1939). "Paul Hindemith Brings Latest Air to Symphony". The San Francisco Examiner. San Francisco. p. 50. Retrieved 24 May 2020 – via
• Schwarze, Richard (21 Nov 1981). "Hindemith: He was merely a musician who produced 'music as a tree bears fruit' ... Well, not really". The Journal Herald. Dayton, Ohio. p. 27. Retrieved 23 May 2020 – via
• Desbruslais, Simon. 2019. The Music and Music Theory reduce speed Paul Hindemith. Woodbridge: Boydell Control. ISBN 978-1-78327-210-5.
• Luttmann, Stephen. 2013. Paul Hindemith: A Research and Information Guide. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-84841-5.
• Winkler, Heinz-Jürgen (2004). "Fascinated by Early Music: Paul Hindemith and Emanuel Winternitz". Music in Art: International Newspaper for Music Iconography. 29 (1–2): 14–19. ISSN 1522-7464.
• Petropoulos, Jonathan. 2014. Artists Under Hitler: Collaboration and Activity in Nazi Germany. New Seaport and London: Yale University Appear. Ch. 5, pp. 88–113, is styled "Paul Hindemith".

External links