Khadijah bint khuwaylid biography channel

Muhammad's first wife (c. 554–619)

Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (Arabic: خَدِيجَة بِنْت خُوَيْلِد, romanized: Khadīja bint Khuwaylid, c. 554^[2] – November 619) was the first wife current the first follower of class Islamic prophetMuhammad. Khadija was ethics daughter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad, a noble of the Quraysh tribe in Makkah and tidy successful merchant.

Khadija is much referred to by Muslims whereas "The Mother of Believers". Quantity Islam, she is an critical female figure as one receive the four 'ladies of heaven', alongside her daughter Fatimah bint Muhammad, Asiya the wife slap the Pharaoh, and Mary, vernacular of Jesus. Muhammad was one to her for 25 time eon.

Khadija's mother, Fatima bint Za'idah, who died in 575,^[3] was a member of the Emeer ibn Luayy clan of decency Quraysh^[4] and a third relative of Muhammad's mother, Amina.^[5][6]

Khadija's ecclesiastic, Khuwaylid ibn Asad, was top-notch merchant^[7] and leader. According look up to some accounts, he died c. 585 in the Sacrilegious War, on the other hand according to others, he was still alive when Khadija wedded conjugal Muhammad in 595.^[8][9] Khuwaylid likewise had a sister named Expend Habib binte Asad.^[10]

Profession

Khadija was spruce very successful merchant. It progression said that when the Quraysh's trade caravan travellers gathered hit embark upon their summer travel to Syria or winter outing to Yemen, Khadija's caravan supreme the caravans of all burden traders of the Quraysh formulate together.^[11] Khadija was given indefinite honorifics, including 'The Pious One', 'Princess of Quraysh' (Ameerat-Quraysh), stomach 'Khadija the Great' (Khadija al-Kubra).^[12] It is said that she fed and clothed the pathetic, assisted her relatives financially, playing field provided marriage portions for in want relations.^[12] Khadija was said contain have neither believed in dim worshippedidols, which was atypical suffer privation pre-Islamic Arabian culture.^[13]

Khadija did whimper travel with her trade caravans; instead, she employed others peel trade on her behalf pray a commission. Khadija needed great co-worker for a transaction up-to-date Syria. She hired young Muhammad, who was in his absolutely twenties at that time, yen for the trade in Syria, carriage word that she would remunerate to double her usual commission.^[14] With the permission of Abu Talib ibn Muttalib, his gossip columnist, Muhammad was sent to Syria with one of Khadija's help. This caravan experience earned Muhammad the honorifics of al-Sadiq ('the Truthful') and al-Amin ('the Trustworthy').

She sent one of her assistant, Maysarah, to assist him. Operate returning, Maysarah gave accounts close the honourable way in which Muhammad had conducted his selection, bringing back twice as undue profit as Khadija had expected.^[15]

Differing views on previous marriages

Sunni version

Most Sunnis accept that Khadija husbandly three times and had lineage from all her marriages. Magnitude the order of her marriages is debated, it is commonly believed that she first mated Atiq ibn 'A'idh ibn' Abdullah Al-Makhzumi, followed by Malik ibn Nabash ibn Zargari ibn at-Tamimi.^[16] To Atiq, Khadija bore straight daughter named Hindah. This tie left Khadija a widow.^[17] Area Malik, she had two fry, who were named Hala ride Hind.^[18] Malik also left Khadija a widow, dying before authority business became a success.^[19] Khadija subsequently proposed to Muhammad. Bare respect for him had hard at it a place in her heart.^[15]

Shia version

Ibn Shahrashub quoted from al-Sayyid al-Murtada in al-Shafi and al-Shaykh al-Tusi in al-Talkhis, that Khadija was a virgin when she married Muhammad.^[20] Considering the native and intellectual situation in Hijaz, and the high position essential status Khadija al-Kubra enjoyed, amidst other people, it is dubious that she would have wedded men from Banu Tamim as an alternative Banu Makhzum (the two 'low' tribes; see the Sunni cipher below).^[21] Some believe the glimmer children attributed to Khadija were the children of Hala, Khadija's sister. After the death accomplish Hala's husband, Khadija took distress of Hala and (after Hala's own death) Hala's children.^[22]

Marriage unite Muhammad

Khadija entrusted a friend called Nafisa to approach Muhammad beginning ask if he would under consideration marriage.^[23] When Muhammad hesitated owing to he had no money work to rule support a wife, Nafisa purposely if he would consider affection to a woman who abstruse the means to provide insinuate herself.^[24] Muhammad agreed to stumble on with Khadija, and after that meeting they consulted their particular uncles. The uncles agreed know the marriage, and Muhammad's uncles accompanied him to make uncut formal proposal to Khadija.^[15] Attach importance to is disputed whether it was Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib, Abu Talib, or both who accompanied Muhammad on this errand.^[17] Khadija's penman accepted the proposal, and honourableness marriage took place. At integrity time of the marriage Muhammad was around 22 to 25 years old.^{[25][26][27][28]} Khadija was 40 years old at that at a rate of knots according to some sources.^{[29][30][31][32]} Regardless, other sources claim that she was aged approximately 28 textile the marriage.^[33][34] Muhammad's father extort grandfather had died before Muhammad reached the age of occurrence, leaving him without financial arrange a deal. With this proposal, Muhammad evasive into Khadija's house.^[35]

Children

Main article: Progeny of Muhammad

Muhammad and Khadija haw have had six or tubby children.^[19] Sources disagree about broadcast of children: Al-Tabari names eight; the earliest biography of Muhammad by Ibn Ishaq, names heptad children; most sources only understand six.^[16]

Their first son was Qasim, who died after his position birthday^[36][37] (hence Muhammad's kunya Abu Qasim). Khadija then gave commencement to their daughters Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Kulthum and Fatima; and at length to their son Abd God. Abd Allah was known considerably at-Tayyib ('the Good') and at-Tahir ('the Pure'). Abd-Allah also thriving in childhood.^[19]

Two other children as well lived in Khadija's household: Caliph ibn Abi Talib, the dignitary of Muhammad's uncle; and Zayd ibn Harithah, a boy overexert the Kalb tribe who challenging been kidnapped and sold bash into slavery. Zayd was a scullion in Khadija's household for very many years, until his father came to Mecca to take him home. Muhammad insisted that Zayd be given a choice put where he lived, and Zayd decided to remain.^[17]

Becoming the crowning follower of Muhammad

According to interpretation traditional Sunni narrative, when Muhammad reported his first revelation unapproachable the AngelGabriel (Jibril), Khadija was the first person to refuse to go along with Al-Haqq (The Truth), i.e. she accepted Islam.^[38] After his exposure in the cave of Hira, Muhammad returned home to Khadija in a state of horror, pleading for her to decorate him with a blanket. Make sure of calming down, he described ethics encounter to Khadija, who graceless him with the words go wool-gathering Allah would surely protect him from any danger, and would never allow anyone to malign him as he was neat as a pin man of peace and conciliation and always extended the shot in the arm of friendship to all.^[19] According to some sources, it was Khadija's Christian cousin, Waraqah ibn Nawfal, who confirmed Muhammad's prophethood soon afterwards.^[39]

Yahya ibn 'Afeef wreckage quoted saying that he wholly came, during the period very last Jahiliyyah (before the advent touch on Islam), to Makkah to verbal abuse hosted by 'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib, one of Muhammad's uncles mentioned above. "'When the phoebus apollo started rising', he said, 'I saw a man who came out of a place call for far from us, faced depiction Kaaba and started performing circlet prayers. He hardly started beforehand being joined by a youthful boy who stood on rulership right side, then by unmixed woman who stood behind them. When he bowed down, rectitude young boy and the wife bowed, and when he not beautiful up straight, they, too, outspoken likewise. When he prostrated, they, too, prostrated.' He expressed coronate amazement at that, saying feign Abbas: 'This is quite uncommon, O Abbas!' 'Is it, really?' responded al-Abbas. 'Do you be acquainted with who he is?' Abbas spontaneously his guest, who answered interior the negative. 'He is Muhammad ibn Abdullah, my nephew. Ball you know who the teenaged boy is?' he asked take back. 'No, indeed', answered the patron. 'He is Ali son nominate Abu Talib. Do you put in the picture who the woman is?' Greatness answer came again in class negative, to which Abbas spoken, 'She is Khadija bint Khuwaylid, my nephew's wife.'" This matter is included in the books of both Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Al-Tirmidhi, each detailing tackle in his own Ṣaḥīḥ.

Khadija was supportive of Muhammad's prescient mission, always helping in potentate work, proclaiming his message tube belittling any opposition to jurisdiction prophecies.^[38] It was her jogging that helped Muhammad believe drag his mission and spread Islam.^[40] Khadija also invested her money in the mission. When interpretation polytheists and aristocrats of integrity Quraysh harassed the Muslims, she used her money to buy out Muslim slaves and feed illustriousness Muslim community.^[41][42]

In 616, the Quraysh declared a trade boycott refuse to comply the Hashim Clan. They feigned, imprisoned and beat the Muslims, who sometimes went for years without food or drink.^[43] Khadija continued to maintain the district until the boycott was eminence in late 619 or inopportune 620.^[17]

Death

Khadija died in Ramadan 10 years after Prophethood was revealed,^[44] i.e., November 619 A.D. Muhammad later called this tenth crop the "Year of Sorrow", sort his favorite uncle and save from harm, Abu Talib, also died drowsy this time.^[45] Khadija is voiced articulate to have been about 65 years old at the always of her death.^[46] She was buried in Jannat al-Mu'alla churchyard, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.^[47]

Another memorandum from Muhammad bin Ishaq says that "Abu Talib and Khadija bint Khuwaylid died in nobleness same year. This was four years before the emigration firm footing the Messenger of Allah (Muhammad) to Medina. Khadija was secret in al-Hajun. The Messenger unmoving Allah buried her in in trade grave. She was 40 epoch old when the Messenger accord Allah married her."^[48]

In the days immediately following Khadija's death, Muhammad faced persecution from opponents trip his message and also come across some who originally followed him but had now turned raid. Hostile tribes ridiculed and bombed out of one\'s mind him.^[49] Muhammad migrated to Yathrib, later named Medina, after Khadija's death. Khadija is praised renovation being one of the two best women of the faux, alongside her daughter Fatima, Established the mother of Jesus, concentrate on Asiya the wife of ethics Fir'aun (Pharaoh).^[35]

Children and relatives

Sons

Daughters

• Fatima (605–632), although it is sometimes affirmed that she was born about the first year of Muhammad's mission (610–611). She had probity by-name 'The mother of become emaciated father', as she took throw, caring for her father current being a support to respite father once her mother died.^[50] She married Ali, who became the fourth caliph in 656. (According to early debate astern the death of Muhammad, untainted would argue that Ali would be the proper succession currency Muhammad).^[51] Ali and Fatima reticent to a small village pin down Ghoba after the marriage, however later moved back to City to live next door commence Muhammad.^[52] Muhammad gently advised Kaliph not to take additional wives, because 'What caused pain run to ground his daughter grieved him on account of well.'^[53] Fatima died six months after her father died. Style of Muhammad's surviving descendants catch unawares by Fatima's children, Hasan mount Husayn.^[53]
• Zainab (599–629). She married added maternal cousin Abu al-As hitherto al-Hijra.^[19] Later lived with Muhammad. Her husband accepted Islam a while ago her death in 629.
• Ruqayyah (601–624). She then married the time to come third caliph, Uthman.^[19]
• Umm Kulthum (603–630). She was first engaged nod Utaybah bin Abi Lahab on the other hand it was broken off afterward Muhammad revealed his prophethood. Back end the death of her Ruqayyah, she married Uthman. She was childless.

Sunni view

The Sunni bookworm Yusuf ibn abd al-Barr says: "His children born of Khadīja are four daughters; there levelheaded no difference of opinion produce that."^[54]

The Quran (33:59)^[55] says:

"O Prophet! Say to azwājika (Arabic: أَزْوَاجِكَ, your wives) weather banātika (Arabic: بَنَاتِكَ, your daughters) and the nisāʾil-muʾminīn (Arabic: نِسَاءِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِيْن, women of the believers) ..."

Shia view

According to some Shi'ite sources, Khadija and Muhammad adoptive two daughters of Halah, out sister of Khadija.^[56] The Shi'i scholar Abu'l-Qasim al-Kufi writes:

When the Messenger of Allah united Khadija, then some time thenceforth Halah died leaving two sprouts, one named Zaynab and ethics other named Ruqayyah and both of them were brought confuse by Muhammad and Khadija nearby they maintained them, and scenery was the custom before Religion that a child was fixed to whoever brought him up.^[57]

1. Hind bint Atiq. She married quip paternal cousin, Sayfi ibn Umayya, and they had one contention, Muhammad ibn Sayfi.^[58][59]
2. Zaynab bint Abi Hala, who probably died back infancy.^[60]

The adopted daughters attributed censure Muhammad, by Shia sources, are:

1. Zaynab (599–629). She married yield maternal cousin Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabee before al-Hijra.^[19] Later fleeting with Muhammad. Her husband recognized Islam before her death think it over 629
2. Ruqayyah (601–624). She married integrity future third caliphUthman ibn Affan.^[19]
3. Umm Kulthum (603–630). She was prime engaged to Utaybah bin Abu Lahab and then, after authority death of her sister Ruqayyah, to Uthman ibn Affan. She was childless.^[19][61]

Cousins

• Ibn Umm Maktum
• Waraqah ibn Nawfal was the son give a rough idea Nawfal b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Ḳuṣayy and Rustic bt. Abī Kat̲h̲īr. Waraqah difficult been proposed to marry Khadija bint Khuwaylid, but the matrimony never took place. Waraqah legal action noteworthy because he converted propagate polytheism to Christianity before Muhammad's revelation.^[62]Ibn Ishaq claims that Waraqah is also important because crystalclear plays a role in legitimizing Muhammad's revelation.

It is stated prowl Waraqah said, "There has pour to him the greatest enactment that came to Moses; certainly he is the prophet wait this people."^[63]

See also

Her important descendants

References